Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Social Studies (SST) MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
756 practice questions on Social Studies and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Social Studies/Social Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.551
In a region, the birth rate is 25 per 1,000 people and the death rate is 8 per 1,000 people. What is the natural growth rate of its population?
- A 33 per 1,000 people
- B 17 per 1,000 people
- C 3.1 per 1,000 people
- D 17 per 100 people
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) 17 per 1,000 people
The natural growth rate is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate: 25 − 8 = 17 per 1,000 people. Adding the two rates, as in 33, is a common error, and migration is not part of natural growth.
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Q.552
The name 'Plassey' is an anglicised form of Palashi. The place got its name from:
- A the palash tree, whose red flowers yield gulal used in Holi
- B a Maratha general who had once camped there with his army
- C a Persian word meaning 'battlefield', given by Mughal officials
- D a small river that joins the Hugli there
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) the palash tree, whose red flowers yield gulal used in Holi
Palashi was named after the palash tree, known for its beautiful red flowers that yield gulal, the powder used in Holi. 'Plassey' is simply the English pronunciation of the name.
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Q.553
Which of the following statements about Kabir, who probably lived in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, is correct?
- A He grew up among Muslim weavers (julahas) near Varanasi and composed verses in spoken Hindi
- B He was a Rajput prince of Mewar who sang bhajans to Krishna in the many temples of Rajasthan
- C He wrote the Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi as a devotee of Rama
- D He founded the Khalsa and compiled the compositions of the Sikh Gurus
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) He grew up among Muslim weavers (julahas) near Varanasi and composed verses in spoken Hindi
Kabir grew up in a family of Muslim julahas in or near Varanasi. He rejected the major religious traditions and ridiculed external worship and the caste system; his sakhis and pads, in a spoken Hindi understood by ordinary people, are preserved in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Panch Vani and the Bijak.
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Q.554
Match the words used in the European textile trade with their origins: A. Muslin B. Calico C. Chintz D. Bandanna; 1. From 'bandhna', the Hindi word for tying 2. From Mosul in Iraq, where Arab merchants traded fine Indian cloth 3. From Calicut on the Kerala coast 4. From 'chhint', a cloth with small, colourful flowery designs
- A A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
- B A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
- C A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
- D A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
European traders met fine Indian cotton carried by Arab merchants at Mosul and called it 'muslin'; the Portuguese, who landed at Calicut, called cotton textiles 'calico'; 'chintz' comes from 'chhint'; and 'bandanna', a brightly coloured printed scarf, comes from 'bandhna'.
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Q.555
While teaching about Partition, a teacher asks a student to explain 'what your community went through', only because of the student's religion. Why is this not advisable?
- A Children should never be allowed to talk about their family history in class
- B It makes the child speak for a whole group, which can hurt and stereotype
- C Partition should not be taught at the upper primary stage
- D Only the teacher's own views should be heard on such topics
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) It makes the child speak for a whole group, which can hurt and stereotype
Treating one child as the voice of a religion or community puts the child on the spot and assumes that everyone in a group shares one experience. Students may share family stories only if they wish to.
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Q.556
To build map skills in Class 6, which sequence of activities is the most appropriate?
- A Atlas map of India, map of the locality, plan of the school, sketch of the classroom
- B World map, atlas map of India, sketch of the classroom, plan of the school
- C Map of the locality, world map, sketch of the classroom, atlas map of India
- D Sketch of the classroom, plan of the school, map of the locality, atlas map of India
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Sketch of the classroom, plan of the school, map of the locality, atlas map of India
Map skills grow best from the near and familiar to the distant: children first represent spaces they know directly and gradually move to smaller-scale maps of larger areas, following the principle of moving from concrete to abstract.
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Q.557
Assertion (A): In a democratic classroom, students' questions and disagreements should be welcomed. Reason (R): Democracy depends on citizens who can think independently and discuss their differences peacefully.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and R explains A: welcoming questions and reasoned disagreement in class develops exactly the capacities on which democratic citizenship depends.
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Q.558
Geography is often described as both a social study and a science. Which statement best explains this?
- A It studies natural features alone, mainly through laboratory experiments
- B It studies past human societies, mainly through written records
- C It studies both natural features and human activities, and how the two interact
- D It studies governments and laws, mainly through the constitutions of countries
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) It studies both natural features and human activities, and how the two interact
Geography studies the physical Earth (landforms, climate, water, vegetation) with scientific methods and also human activities such as settlement, farming and industry, with a focus on how people and the environment interact. Studying past societies through records is mainly history, and governments and laws belong to political science.
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Q.559
In a criminal trial, the public prosecutor:
- A Investigates the crime, collects evidence and arrests the suspects
- B Presents the State's case in court after the chargesheet is filed
- C Defends the accused person in court against the charges
- D Decides the sentence once the court finds the accused guilty
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Presents the State's case in court after the chargesheet is filed
The public prosecutor conducts the case on behalf of the State; the role begins only after the police complete the investigation and file the chargesheet, and the prosecutor must act impartially, placing all material facts before the court. Investigation is the police's job, the defence lawyer defends the accused, and the judge decides the sentence.
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Q.560
When Ajatasattu wanted to attack the Vajjis, he sent his minister Vassakara to the Buddha for advice. According to the Buddhist account, the Buddha said that the Vajjis would continue to prosper as long as they:
- A kept a larger army of war elephants than the kingdom of Magadha
- B held full and frequent public assemblies and acted together
- C built taller fortification walls around Vaishali
- D accepted Ajatasattu as their overlord and paid tribute
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) held full and frequent public assemblies and acted together
The Buddha listed conditions such as holding full and frequent public assemblies, meeting and acting together, following established rules, respecting elders, protecting women and maintaining local shrines. His answer stressed the strength that came from the sangha's collective way of functioning.
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Q.561
William Jones, who came to Calcutta in 1783 as a junior judge of the Supreme Court, studied Sanskrit and ancient Indian texts. In January 1784 he founded:
- A the Hindu College at Benaras
- B the Asiatic Society of Bengal
- C the Brahmo Samaj
- D the University of Calcutta
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) the Asiatic Society of Bengal
Jones founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta in January 1784, and the Society later brought out a journal, Asiatick Researches. Like other Orientalists such as Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed, he had deep respect for ancient Indian culture and wanted to rediscover it.
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Q.562
The first Anglo-Maratha war ended in 1782 with no clear victor. Which treaty concluded it?
- A The Treaty of Salbai
- B The Treaty of Bassein
- C The Treaty of Allahabad
- D The Treaty of Seringapatam
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) The Treaty of Salbai
The first Anglo-Maratha war ended with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782. In the second war (1803-05) the British gained Orissa and territories north of the Yamuna, including Agra and Delhi, and the third war (1817-19) crushed Maratha power.
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Q.563
Under the putting-out system followed in many weaving areas, the merchant:
- A Buys looms for the weavers and pays each of them a fixed monthly salary
- B Supplies yarn and takes the finished cloth, paying for the weaving
- C Buys cotton directly from farmers and weaves the cloth himself
- D Lets the weavers sell their cloth directly to foreign buyers
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Supplies yarn and takes the finished cloth, paying for the weaving
In the putting-out system the merchant gives raw material (yarn) to the weavers and takes back the finished cloth, paying them for their labour. Weavers are spared the trouble of buying yarn and finding buyers, but they become dependent on the merchant and earn little.
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Q.564
In 1600 the East India Company acquired a charter that gave it the sole right to trade with the East. Who granted this charter?
- A Queen Victoria
- B Queen Elizabeth I
- C The Mughal emperor Akbar
- D King George III
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Queen Elizabeth I
The charter of 1600 came from Queen Elizabeth I, the ruler of England, and gave the Company the sole right to trade with the East, so other English trading groups could not compete with it. Queen Victoria and King George III reigned much later.
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Q.565
Match the methods of soil conservation with their descriptions:
(a) Intercropping (b) Rock dam (c) Contour barriers
1. Different crops in alternate rows, sown at different times, protect the soil from rain wash
2. Barriers of stones, grass and soil along contours, with trenches to collect water
3. Rocks piled up to slow down flowing water and prevent gullies
- A a-3, b-1, c-2
- B a-1, b-3, c-2
- C a-1, b-2, c-3
- D a-2, b-3, c-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) a-1, b-3, c-2
In intercropping, different crops in alternate rows, sown at different times, keep the soil covered; rock dams slow down running water so that gullies do not form; and contour barriers of stones, grass and soil, with trenches in front, hold back water on slopes.
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Q.566
Kamla works at a construction site. She is hired by the day, can be asked to leave at any time, and gets no paid leave or medical benefits. Kamla is best described as a:
- A Permanent worker
- B Self-employed worker
- C Casual worker
- D Salaried government employee
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Casual worker
Casual workers are employed when needed and can be asked to leave at any time; they have no job security and no benefits such as paid leave or medical facilities. A permanent worker has a regular job with such benefits.
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Q.567
The three components of a map are:
- A Latitude, longitude and time
- B Title, colour and border
- C Relief, rainfall and population
- D Distance, direction and symbols
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Distance, direction and symbols
Every map is built on three components: distance (shown through the scale), direction (usually with a north arrow) and symbols (conventional signs and colours). The other sets name things that some maps show, not the basic components.
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Q.568
At a school function, Adivasis are shown only as people in colourful costumes and headgear who dance. Why is this way of showing them criticised?
- A It reflects the full variety of Adivasi life accurately
- B It is required by the Constitution for all school functions
- C It creates a stereotype and hides their real lives and problems
- D It correctly shows that all Adivasis share one language and culture
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) It creates a stereotype and hides their real lives and problems
Showing Adivasis only in costumes and dances fixes them in one exotic, 'backward' image and hides the diversity of the hundreds of different Adivasi groups and the problems they face, such as loss of their lands. Such stereotyping is itself a part of their marginalisation.
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Q.569
Which of the following is NOT one of the Fundamental Duties listed in the Indian Constitution?
- A To protect and improve the natural environment
- B To develop the scientific temper and the spirit of inquiry
- C To vote in every election to Parliament
- D To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) To vote in every election to Parliament
Protecting the environment, developing a scientific temper and safeguarding public property are among the Fundamental Duties in Article 51A. Voting is a right of citizens, not one of the listed Fundamental Duties.
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Q.570
A 12-year-old girl who has never been to school seeks admission to a government school. Under the RTE Act, 2009, she should be:
- A Admitted to Class 1 along with the six-year-old children
- B Asked first to pass an admission test set by the school to judge her level
- C Admitted to an age-appropriate class with special training to catch up
- D Sent to an adult literacy centre instead of a school
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Admitted to an age-appropriate class with special training to catch up
Section 4 of the RTE Act provides that such a child be admitted to a class appropriate to her age and gives her a right to special training to come at par with others. The Act also bars screening procedures for admission.
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Q.571
Match each group in the mahajanapadas with the form in which it paid taxes to the raja: A. Farmers B. Craftspersons C. Herders D. Hunters and gatherers; 1. Animals or animal produce 2. Forest produce 3. A share of the crop, called bhaga 4. Labour, such as working a day every month for the king
- A A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
- B A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
- C A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
- D A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
The tax on crops, usually one-sixth of the produce, was called bhaga and was the most important tax because most people were farmers. Craftspersons paid in labour, herders in animals or animal produce, hunters and gatherers in forest produce, and there were also taxes on goods bought and sold.
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Q.572
A teacher labels the rows of desks A, B, C, D and the columns 1, 2, 3, 4, and students name each classmate's seat as 'B-3', 'D-1' and so on. This activity best prepares them to understand:
- A How a grid fixes position, as latitude and longitude do on a globe
- B How to calculate the distance between two places on a map
- C How height above sea level is shown on a physical map
- D Why day and night occur at different places on Earth
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) How a grid fixes position, as latitude and longitude do on a globe
A seat is fixed only when both its row and its column are known; in the same way, the exact position of a place is fixed by where its latitude and longitude cross.
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Q.573
Courts in India have held that the right to safe drinking water is part of:
- A The right to freedom of speech
- B The right to constitutional remedies
- C The right to life under Article 21
- D The cultural and educational rights
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) The right to life under Article 21
Courts have treated access to safe drinking water as part of the right to life under Article 21, so the government must work to provide adequate water to all. This is why water supply is regarded as a basic public facility rather than just a commodity.
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Q.574
The NCF 2005 Position Paper on Teaching of Social Sciences proposes moving away from the traditional subject called 'Civics'. Its main criticism of Civics is that it:
- A Gave too much time to maps, landforms and the physical features of India
- B Encouraged children to question every institution, rule and custom they came across
- C Began in the colonial period and stressed obedience and loyalty to the state
- D Depended on primary sources that were too difficult for school children
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Began in the colonial period and stressed obedience and loyalty to the state
The paper notes that Civics entered the Indian curriculum in the colonial period, when obedience and loyalty were its key features. It recommends a political science perspective, seen in NCERT's 'Social and Political Life' books, that builds a critical understanding of democracy and social realities.
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Q.575
Match the assessment tool with what it records. A. Checklist; B. Rating scale; C. Anecdotal record; D. Portfolio. 1. A brief factual note on a significant incident in a child's behaviour; 2. Whether a behaviour or feature is present or absent; 3. A collection of a learner's work over time showing growth; 4. The degree or quality of a behaviour on a graded scale.
- A A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
- B A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
- C A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
- D A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
A checklist records the yes/no presence of behaviours, a rating scale records their degree, an anecdotal record describes a significant incident, and a portfolio collects work over time to show progress.
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Q.576
The Sundarbans in West Bengal are named after the Sundari tree. The Sundari is a well-known species of which type of forest?
- A Coniferous forest
- B Thorny bushes
- C Mangrove forest
- D Tropical deciduous forest
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Mangrove forest
Mangrove forests can survive in saline water and are found mainly in the Sundarbans of West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; the Sundari is their best-known tree. Thorny bushes grow in dry areas and coniferous trees on high mountains.
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Q.577
A student with visual impairment is in a Class 7 geography class learning about the physical divisions of India. The most inclusive strategy for the teacher is to:
- A Exempt the student from map-related work
- B Use tactile or raised-relief maps together with clear verbal description and peer support
- C Ask the student to sit outside during map lessons
- D Give the student only written theory to memorise
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Use tactile or raised-relief maps together with clear verbal description and peer support
Inclusive education requires adapting materials and methods so that every child participates in the same learning; tactile maps, audio description and cooperative learning give the visually impaired child access to spatial concepts.
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Q.578
Igneous rocks are also called primary rocks. Why?
- A They are found only in the uppermost layer of the Earth's crust, never deeper
- B They form first, from molten magma, and other rocks can form from them
- C They contain fossils of the earliest plants and animals
- D They are formed from layers of sediment pressed together
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) They form first, from molten magma, and other rocks can form from them
Igneous rocks form when molten magma or lava cools and becomes solid, and sedimentary and metamorphic rocks can later form from them, so they are called primary rocks. Fossils and layers of deposited sediment are features of sedimentary rocks.
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Q.579
Which of the following reflects the NCF 2005 principles for a good social science textbook?
- A It should be the complete and only source of information for the examination
- B It should present a single authoritative perspective to avoid confusion
- C It should avoid pictures and activities to save space for facts
- D It should offer multiple perspectives, in-text questions and activities, and connect to the local context
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) It should offer multiple perspectives, in-text questions and activities, and connect to the local context
NCERT textbooks after NCF 2005 include sources, case studies, in-text questions, activities and multiple viewpoints, and encourage teachers to relate content to the learner's local context rather than close off enquiry.
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Q.580
The Indian National Congress was established in December 1885, when 72 delegates from all over the country met at:
- A Bombay
- B Calcutta
- C Madras
- D Lucknow
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Bombay
The Congress was founded at Bombay in December 1885 with 72 delegates; its early leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji and W.C. Bonnerji, and A.O. Hume, a retired British official, helped bring them together.
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Q.581
The power of the courts to strike down a law passed by Parliament if they find that it violates the Constitution is called:
- A Public Interest Litigation
- B Impeachment
- C Judicial review
- D Appellate jurisdiction
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Judicial review
Judicial review lets the judiciary declare a law invalid if it violates the Constitution, protecting Fundamental Rights and the basic structure. Impeachment is a process for removing the holder of a high office, and appellate jurisdiction is the power to hear appeals.
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Q.582
Consider the following statements:
1. Iron ore, manganese and chromite are ferrous minerals.
2. Gold, silver and copper are non-ferrous minerals.
3. Limestone, mica and gypsum are metallic minerals.
Which of these are correct?
- A 1 only
- B 1 and 2 only
- C 2 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
Ferrous minerals contain iron (iron ore, manganese, chromite), while non-ferrous metallic minerals contain other metals (gold, silver, copper, lead). Limestone, mica and gypsum contain no metal, so they are non-metallic minerals.
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Q.583
Consider the following statements about the midday meal scheme as NCERT describes it:
1. It helped increase the enrolment and attendance of poor children in school.
2. In some places Dalit women were employed as cooks, and children of all castes eating together helped reduce caste prejudice.
3. It made separate eating arrangements for children of different castes.
Which of these are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 2 and 3 only
- C 1 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) 1 and 2 only
The midday meal brought more poor children to school and reduced classroom hunger. Because children of all castes eat the same meal together, and Dalit women have been employed as cooks in many places, it has helped reduce caste prejudice; it does not separate children by caste.
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Q.584
Class 7 students are going to interview a local potter about how her craft has changed over the years. The most important preparation is to:
- A Prepare open-ended questions and record answers only with her consent
- B Ask the potter to write out her answers before the students visit
- C Decide in advance what conclusions the interview should reach
- D Read about pottery on the internet so that no questions need to be asked
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Prepare open-ended questions and record answers only with her consent
Well-planned open-ended questions draw out the person's own experience, and asking permission before recording is part of conducting an interview ethically. Fixing the conclusions in advance defeats the purpose of enquiry.
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Q.585
In Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE), the word 'comprehensive' refers to:
- A Covering both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of growth
- B Testing the whole syllabus in a single examination at the end
- C Assessing only the written work produced by the students
- D Comparing each child's marks with those of the rest of the class
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Covering both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of growth
'Comprehensive' means that assessment covers all aspects of a child's growth: scholastic areas (the subjects) and co-scholastic areas such as life skills, attitudes, values and co-curricular activities.
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Q.586
The death of Potti Sriramulu in 1952, after a long hunger strike, led directly to:
- A the adoption of the Constitution
- B the setting up of the Planning Commission under Jawaharlal Nehru
- C the merger of the princely states
- D the creation of the separate state of Andhra
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) the creation of the separate state of Andhra
Potti Sriramulu fasted for a separate state for Telugu speakers; after his death and the protests that followed, the state of Andhra was formed on 1 October 1953. Other linguistic communities then demanded their own states, leading to the States Reorganisation Commission.
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Q.587
In the Gond kingdom of Garha Katanga, each garh was controlled by a particular Gond clan and was divided into units of 84 villages. These units were called:
- A barhot
- B khel
- C chaurasi
- D nadu
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) chaurasi
Each garh was divided into units of 84 villages called chaurasi, and each chaurasi into barhots of 12 villages each. Khels were Ahom clans, and nadu was a Chola-period unit made up of a group of villages.
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Q.588
Plateaus such as the Chhotanagpur plateau are very useful to people mainly because they:
- A are always the most densely populated parts of the world
- B are made of fresh river silt that is ideal for growing rice
- C are often rich in minerals and may have waterfalls
- D are the youngest landforms, formed by moving glaciers
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) are often rich in minerals and may have waterfalls
Plateaus are rich in mineral deposits, which is why many mining areas lie on them; the Chhotanagpur plateau has large reserves of iron, coal and manganese, and plateaus often have waterfalls such as the Hundru falls. Dense population and fertile river silt are features of plains, not plateaus.
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Q.589
Assertion (A): Humayun ruled the Mughal empire without a break from 1530 until his death in 1556. Reason (R): Sher Shah Sur was a Mughal noble who helped Humayun recover Delhi.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B A is true, but R is false
- C A is false, but R is true
- D Both A and R are false
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Both A and R are false
Both are false. Sher Shah defeated Humayun at Chausa (1539) and Kanauj (1540) and set up his own dynasty at Delhi; Humayun fled to Iran, received help from the Safavid Shah, and recaptured Delhi only in 1555, dying the following year.
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Q.590
The highest tides, called spring tides, occur when the Sun, the Moon and the Earth are in a straight line. This happens on:
- A the first-quarter and last-quarter days of the Moon
- B full moon and new moon days
- C the days of the equinoxes only
- D full moon days only
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) full moon and new moon days
On full moon and new moon days the Sun, the Moon and the Earth are in the same line, so their pulls combine to give the highest tides. When the Moon is in its first and last quarters, the pulls act in different directions and the tides are low (neap tides).
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Q.591
The long-running dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over sharing the waters of the river Kaveri best illustrates the need for which key element of a democratic government?
- A Universal adult franchise
- B Separation of religion from the State
- C Resolution of conflict
- D Separation of powers
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Resolution of conflict
Participation, resolution of conflict, and equality and justice are described as key elements of democratic government. Water-sharing disputes between states, such as over the Kaveri, must be settled through laws, negotiation and the courts rather than by force; the Kaveri dispute went to a tribunal and was finally decided by the Supreme Court in 2018.
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Q.592
The main purpose of organising a mock parliament in a Class 8 social science class is to:
- A Help students understand parliamentary procedures, debate and law-making through participation
- B Provide entertainment on the annual day
- C Make students memorise the numbers of constitutional Articles
- D Elect the class monitor for the year
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Help students understand parliamentary procedures, debate and law-making through participation
A mock parliament is a simulation in which students take roles of Speaker, ministers and opposition, so that abstract concepts such as question hour, bills and debate become concrete and understood from the inside.
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Q.593
How is a waterfall formed in the course of a river?
- A The river slows down near its mouth and drops its load
- B A loop of the river is cut off from the main channel
- C The river tumbles over very hard rock or a steep valley side
- D The river overflows its banks during floods and deposits fine soil
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) The river tumbles over very hard rock or a steep valley side
When a river tumbles at a steep angle over very hard rock, or down a steep valley side, it forms a waterfall. The other options describe how a delta, an ox-bow lake and a floodplain are formed.
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Q.594
Consider the following statements about diversity in India:
1. In Ladakh, a cold desert, both Buddhism and Islam have shaped the region's culture.
2. Kerala's spice trade brought traders such as Arabs and Jews to its coast over the centuries.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A 1 only
- B 2 only
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. Buddhism has been practised in Ladakh for many centuries and Islam arrived more than four hundred years ago, so both religions have large followings there; Kerala's spices drew Arab, Jewish and other traders, adding to its diversity. Such examples show how history and geography together shape diversity.
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Q.595
Some parents claim that social science is 'not scientific' and is less important than natural science. The NCF 2005 position on this is that:
- A The claim is correct, so social science should be made optional
- B Social science is only a matter of personal opinion
- C Social science uses systematic enquiry, evidence and methods, and is therefore a rigorous field in its own right
- D Social science is an art and should be judged like painting
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Social science uses systematic enquiry, evidence and methods, and is therefore a rigorous field in its own right
NCF 2005 challenges the low status given to social science, insisting that its disciplines use evidence, methods of enquiry and reasoned argument, and are essential for understanding society and democracy.
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Q.596
Consider these statements about using sources in a history class. 1. Prashastis composed in praise of rulers should be read critically, as they may exaggerate. 2. Comparing different kinds of sources helps build a fuller picture of the past. 3. Secondary sources are of no use because they were not written in the period studied. Which are correct?
- A 2 and 3 only
- B 1 and 2 only
- C 1 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
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Correct answer: (B) 1 and 2 only
Prashastis were composed to praise rulers and may not be literally true, and combining inscriptions, coins, texts and material remains gives a fuller picture. Historians' secondary works are useful interpretations, so statement 3 is wrong.
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Q.597
Which statement is framed as a learning outcome in the style of NCERT's Learning Outcomes at the Elementary Stage (2017)?
- A The teacher will explain the working of the Gram Panchayat.
- B The chapter on local government will be completed within the next two weeks.
- C Students will enjoy the lesson on local government.
- D The learner describes the work of the Gram Panchayat with examples.
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Correct answer: (D) The learner describes the work of the Gram Panchayat with examples.
Learning outcomes state what the learner is able to do, using observable action verbs such as identifies, describes, explains or locates. Teacher actions, schedules and vague feelings are not learning outcomes.
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Q.598
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 came about after women's groups and lawyers drafted a bill, held consultations across the country and made submissions to Parliament. This example mainly shows that:
- A citizens can play an active role in shaping new laws
- B laws in India are made only by the judiciary
- C Parliament cannot change a bill once it is introduced
- D new laws are drafted only by foreign experts
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Correct answer: (A) citizens can play an active role in shaping new laws
The demand for a law against domestic violence came from women's organisations, which drafted a bill, consulted widely and pressed Parliament to revise it. This shows that citizens' voices help Parliament frame new laws.
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Q.599
Fertile green patches called oases are found in the Sahara desert, often with date palms around them. How are oases usually formed?
- A Underground water reaches the surface in depressions created by the wind
- B Glaciers melt and leave lakes behind in the desert
- C Rivers flowing in from the Atlantic Ocean flood parts of the desert
- D Volcanic eruptions leave fertile ash in which crops are grown
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Correct answer: (A) Underground water reaches the surface in depressions created by the wind
Wind blows away the sand and creates depressions; where these reach underground water, the water comes to the surface and an oasis forms. Such fertile patches let people settle and grow date palms and other crops.
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Q.600
Consider the following statements: 1. The four ashramas were brahmacharya, grihastha, vanaprastha and samnyasa. 2. Women were generally allowed to study the Vedas and to choose their own ashrama. Which of these is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
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Correct answer: (A) Only 1
Statement 1 lists the four stages of life in the ashrama system. Statement 2 is wrong: generally women were not allowed to study the Vedas and had to follow the ashramas chosen by their husbands.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.