Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Social Studies (SST) MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
756 practice questions on Social Studies and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Social Studies/Social Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.51
Assertion (A): After 1765, the East India Company no longer needed to bring gold and silver from Britain to buy goods in India. Reason (R): The Diwani of Bengal gave the Company the right to collect revenue there, and this revenue could finance its purchases.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and R explains A: as Diwan, the Company could use Bengal's vast revenue to buy cotton and silk textiles, maintain its troops and build its fort and offices in Calcutta, solving its earlier problem of paying in gold and silver.
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Q.52
Students place an atlas map of annual rainfall beside a map of the natural vegetation of India and note that dense forests are found where rainfall is heavy. This activity mainly develops the skill of:
- A Drawing a sketch map without a scale
- B Measuring distances with the help of a scale
- C Memorising the names of forest types
- D Finding relationships by comparing thematic maps
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Finding relationships by comparing thematic maps
Comparing thematic maps of the same area helps students see how one geographical feature is related to another, moving them from locating places to explaining patterns.
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Q.53
Birsa Munda's movement aimed at reforming tribal society. What did he urge the Mundas to do?
- A Convert to Christianity and send their children to mission schools
- B Take loans from traders so as to start growing indigo for planters
- C Migrate to the tea plantations of Assam to earn regular wages
- D Give up liquor, keep villages clean and stop believing in witchcraft
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Give up liquor, keep villages clean and stop believing in witchcraft
Birsa urged the Mundas to give up liquor, keep their villages clean and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery. He opposed missionaries, moneylenders and landlords rather than urging people to depend on them.
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Q.54
During a lesson on elections, Class 8 students ask the teacher which political party they should support. The most suitable response is to:
- A Name the political party that the teacher personally prefers and supports
- B Refuse to discuss elections or parties in the class at all
- C Help them compare parties' promises and records and judge for themselves
- D Tell students that politics is not a subject for children
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Help them compare parties' promises and records and judge for themselves
Social science should develop independent, informed judgement. The teacher should not push a personal party preference but should help students learn how to evaluate parties and form their own views.
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Q.55
Match the landforms with the agents that deposit them:
(a) Moraine (b) Loess (c) Levee (d) Beach
1. Wind 2. Sea waves 3. Glacier 4. River
- A a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2
- B a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
- C a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2
- D a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2
Moraines are debris dropped by a glacier; loess is very fine sand laid down by wind over large areas, as in China; levees are raised banks built up by a river's deposits during floods; and beaches are formed by sea waves depositing sediment along the shore.
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Q.56
Courts ordered polluting industries in the residential areas of Delhi to close down or move out of the city. What problem did this create?
- A Air pollution across the whole Delhi region ended at once and has never come back
- B Many workers lost jobs or had to travel far, and pollution moved to the outskirts
- C Residents of the city lost their right to vote in local elections
- D The factories began paying their workers much higher wages
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Many workers lost jobs or had to travel far, and pollution moved to the outskirts
The orders cleaned up residential areas, but many workers lost their livelihoods or had to travel long distances, and pollution moved to the city's outskirts. It shows that solutions to environmental problems must also protect workers.
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Q.57
A village under a Gram Panchayat is divided into wards. The representative elected by the voters of each ward is called the:
- A Sarpanch
- B Patwari
- C Panchayat Secretary
- D Ward Member (Panch)
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Ward Member (Panch)
Each ward elects a Ward Member, also called a Panch. The Sarpanch is the Panchayat President, the Secretary is appointed by the government, and the Patwari is a revenue official.
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Q.58
Which of the following was NOT part of Ashoka's dhamma?
- A Being gentle and kind towards slaves and servants
- B Respecting elders and the religions of other people
- C Treating brahmins and monks with due respect
- D Worshipping a particular god and performing sacrifices
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Worshipping a particular god and performing sacrifices
Ashoka's dhamma was a set of ethical teachings: kindness to slaves and servants, respect for elders, brahmins and monks, and respect for one's own and others' religions. It did not involve worshipping a god or performing a sacrifice; he appointed dhamma mahamattas to teach it.
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Q.59
Which layer of the atmosphere is almost free from clouds and related weather, making it ideal for flying aeroplanes, and also contains the ozone layer?
- A Troposphere
- B Stratosphere
- C Mesosphere
- D Exosphere
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Stratosphere
The stratosphere lies above the troposphere and extends to about 50 km; it is almost free from clouds and weather, which suits aircraft, and it contains the ozone layer that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays. Weather phenomena occur in the troposphere.
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Q.60
Match the parts of the Earth's interior with the materials they are mainly made of:
(a) Continental crust (b) Oceanic crust (c) Core
1. Silica and magnesium (sima)
2. Nickel and iron (nife)
3. Silica and alumina (sial)
- A a-1, b-3, c-2
- B a-3, b-2, c-1
- C a-3, b-1, c-2
- D a-2, b-1, c-3
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) a-3, b-1, c-2
The continental mass is made mainly of silica and alumina (sial), and the oceanic crust mainly of silica and magnesium (sima). The core is made mainly of nickel and iron (nife).
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Q.61
A sugar mill is usually set up close to the sugarcane-growing areas. Which factor of industrial location does this mainly show?
- A Nearness to a bulky raw material that spoils if carried far
- B Nearness to a large city market
- C Availability of a seaport for exports
- D Availability of cheap land in hilly areas
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Nearness to a bulky raw material that spoils if carried far
Sugarcane is bulky and costly to transport, and its sugar content starts falling soon after it is cut, so mills are located near the cane fields. Raw material is one of several location factors, along with land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.
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Q.62
NEP 2020 recommends that curriculum content in each subject be reduced to its core essentials. The stated purpose is to:
- A Shorten the school year by several weeks
- B Make board examinations easier to pass
- C Reduce the number of subject teachers each school needs to appoint
- D Make room for critical thinking and inquiry-based learning
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Make room for critical thinking and inquiry-based learning
NEP 2020 says content will be reduced to its core essentials to make space for critical thinking and more holistic, inquiry-based, discovery-based, discussion-based and analysis-based learning.
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Q.63
Which statement about the rajas mentioned in the Rigveda is correct?
- A They lived in palaces in fortified capital cities
- B They collected regular taxes through officials
- C Their sons automatically succeeded them as the rulers of their people
- D They did not have capital cities, palaces or regular armies
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) They did not have capital cities, palaces or regular armies
Unlike later rulers, the Rigvedic rajas had no capital cities, palaces or armies and did not collect taxes, and sons generally did not automatically succeed their fathers. Such features appear later, in the janapadas and mahajanapadas.
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Q.64
Consider these statements about the NCF 2005 view of social science. 1. Concerns of gender justice and the issues of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and minorities should inform all sections of social science. 2. Social science should present one agreed account of events so that children are not confused. Which is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Only 1
NCF 2005 says gender justice and a sensitivity to issues of SC and ST communities and minority sensibilities must inform all sections of the social sciences. It asks for multiple perspectives rather than a single agreed account, so statement 2 is wrong.
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Q.65
Arrange the following steps in the making of a law by Parliament in the correct order:
1. The bill is introduced in one House
2. The President gives assent to the bill
3. The bill is discussed and debated
4. The bill is passed by both Houses
- A 1, 3, 4, 2
- B 3, 1, 4, 2
- C 1, 4, 3, 2
- D 1, 3, 2, 4
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) 1, 3, 4, 2
A bill is first introduced, then discussed and debated (it may also be sent to a committee), then passed by both Houses, and finally becomes a law (an Act) when the President gives assent.
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Q.66
A government school builds ramps and accessible toilets so that a student who uses a wheelchair can attend classes like everyone else. This step mainly reflects the principle of:
- A Secularism, by keeping the State away from religion
- B Federalism, by sharing power between levels of government
- C Equality and dignity for persons with disabilities
- D Separation of powers between the organs of government
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Equality and dignity for persons with disabilities
The law on the rights of persons with disabilities recognises their equal rights and requires public places, including schools, to be made accessible. Without ramps, a wheelchair user is denied equal access and treated with less dignity.
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Q.67
Consider these statements about Hampi, the Vijayanagara capital: 1. Its walls were built without mortar, using an interlocking technique. 2. Moors (Muslim merchants), Chettis and agents of European traders such as the Portuguese thronged its markets. 3. It fell into ruin after Vijayanagara's defeat by the Deccani Sultans in 1565. Which are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 2 and 3 only
- C 1, 2 and 3
- D 1 and 3 only
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) 1, 2 and 3
All three are correct. Hampi, in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin, had fortification walls wedged together by interlocking with no mortar; in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries its markets bustled with Moors, Chettis and Portuguese agents; and it was ruined after the defeat of 1565 by an alliance of Deccani Sultans, chiefly Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golconda and Bidar (NCERT also names Berar, which probably did not join the battle).
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Q.68
Social science is often experienced by students as a 'burden of facts to be memorised'. The main reason for this, as identified by NCF 2005, is:
- A Textbook-centred teaching combined with examinations that reward recall of information
- B Students are naturally lazy about reading
- C Too many maps are included in the syllabus
- D Social science teachers lack subject degrees
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Textbook-centred teaching combined with examinations that reward recall of information
When teaching is confined to the textbook and tests ask only for reproduction of information, the subject becomes rote. NCF 2005 recommends enquiry, discussion, sources and open-ended assessment as the remedy.
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Q.69
Many students in a class use guidebooks that give a ready-made answer to every textbook question. From the NCF 2005 viewpoint, the main problem with this is that:
- A Guidebooks are too expensive for most families
- B Guidebooks contain far more information than the textbook itself does
- C They train students to memorise set answers, not to form their own
- D They are not written by the teachers of the school
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) They train students to memorise set answers, not to form their own
Ready-made answers encourage rote memorisation of one 'correct' answer, whereas NCF 2005 wants students to think, use evidence and express answers in their own words.
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Q.70
Which of the following best describes what it means for a group to be 'marginalised'?
- A It is small in number when compared with the rest of the population of the country
- B It lives in a district on the border of the country
- C It has moved from villages to cities in search of work
- D It is pushed to the fringes, away from resources and opportunities
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) It is pushed to the fringes, away from resources and opportunities
To be marginalised is to be forced to occupy the sides or fringes and thus not be at the centre of things, with less access to resources and opportunities. Being a minority refers to small numbers, which is a different idea.
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Q.71
Most of Ashoka's inscriptions were written in the Prakrit language using which script?
- A Kharosthi
- B Devanagari
- C Harappan
- D Brahmi
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Brahmi
Most of Ashoka's inscriptions are in Prakrit and written in the Brahmi script, from which many later Indian scripts developed. Some inscriptions in the north-west used other scripts such as Kharosthi, and Devanagari developed much later.
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Q.72
Match the colours generally used on physical maps with the features they show:
Colour: (a) Blue (b) Brown (c) Yellow (d) Green
Feature: 1. Plains 2. Plateaus 3. Water bodies 4. Mountains
- A a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
- B a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
- C a-1, b-4, c-2, d-3
- D a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
By convention, blue is used for water bodies, brown for mountains, yellow for plateaus and green for plains. Such agreed colours and symbols let people read a map whatever language they speak.
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Q.73
Assertion (A): Thomas Munro wanted the revenue settlement in south India to be made with big zamindars, as in Bengal. Reason (R): Munro believed that the British should act as paternal father figures protecting the ryots under their charge. Choose the correct option.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A is false, but R is true
A is false: in the ryotwari (Munro) system, first tried by Captain Alexander Read and developed by Munro, the settlement was made directly with the ryots, as Read and Munro felt there were no traditional zamindars in the south. R is true and is in fact why Munro favoured the cultivators.
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Q.74
Students use census tables to calculate the percentage of literate men and women in their district and draw a bar graph showing the gap. The main value of this activity is that it:
- A Uses maths to analyse a social reality such as gender inequality
- B Is mainly a test of students' speed in arithmetic
- C Turns the social science period into just another mathematics period
- D Replaces the need to discuss literacy in the class
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Uses maths to analyse a social reality such as gender inequality
Calculating and graphing data integrates mathematics with social science and lets students see a social issue, the gender gap in literacy, through evidence.
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Q.75
To introduce basic economic ideas such as needs, wants, prices and income to Class 6 students, the teacher should begin with:
- A The formula for calculating Gross Domestic Product
- B A lecture on the theory of inflation
- C Students' own familiar experiences, such as the family budget and a visit to the local market
- D The working of the stock market
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Students' own familiar experiences, such as the family budget and a visit to the local market
Constructivist pedagogy starts from what children already know. Family budgets, pocket money and the local market make abstract economic concepts concrete, while GDP, inflation theory and stock markets are too remote for this age.
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Q.76
NCERT notes that a constitution also 'saves us from ourselves'. This means that:
- A it allows leaders to change basic rules quickly whenever they wish
- B it removes the need for elections once it has been written
- C its basic principles cannot easily be overturned in a moment of passion
- D it leaves all the important matters of the country to be decided by the courts alone
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) its basic principles cannot easily be overturned in a moment of passion
At times we may feel strongly about an issue in a way that goes against our larger interests. Because the Constitution's basic principles cannot be changed easily, it protects them from decisions taken for short-term gain or in a moment of passion.
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Q.77
A student cannot answer, 'Why did the Harappans build their cities near rivers?' The teacher then asks, 'What do people need every day for drinking and for growing crops?' and the student answers correctly. The teacher has used:
- A Redirecting, by passing the question to another student
- B A rhetorical question that needs no reply
- C A recall question that tests memory only
- D Prompting, by giving a cue that leads towards the answer
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Prompting, by giving a cue that leads towards the answer
Prompting gives a hint or a simpler related question that helps the student reach the answer by his or her own reasoning. Probing deepens an answer already given, whereas prompting helps a student who is stuck.
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Q.78
Which of the following is NOT a role of the judiciary in India?
- A Resolving disputes between citizens, and between citizens and the government
- B Passing the annual budget of the Union government
- C Striking down laws that violate the Constitution
- D Enforcing Fundamental Rights when they are violated
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Passing the annual budget of the Union government
The judiciary resolves disputes, carries out judicial review, and upholds the law and Fundamental Rights. Passing the budget is the work of Parliament.
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Q.79
Conventional symbols used on maps, such as those for a railway line, a temple or a bridge, are especially useful because:
- A they are agreed internationally, so maps can be read across languages
- B they show the real shape and size of each feature as it is on the ground
- C they make it unnecessary to give a scale or a north line
- D they change from one country to another to suit local needs
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) they are agreed internationally, so maps can be read across languages
Symbols give a lot of information in a limited space and, being agreed internationally, carry the same meaning for every reader, even one who does not know the local language. A symbol only represents a feature; it does not show its real size or shape.
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Q.80
Why did the routes linking China with lands to its west come to be called the Silk Route?
- A Silk was produced in every region along the route, all the way from China to Rome
- B Silk-making began in China and was long kept secret, and silk was carried along these paths
- C The Kushana rulers banned all goods except silk from being carried along these roads
- D Silk was the only form of money that the traders of Central Asia would ever accept as payment
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Silk-making began in China and was long kept secret, and silk was carried along these paths
The technique of making silk was first invented in China, and it remained a closely guarded secret for a long time. People who travelled from China to distant lands on foot, on horseback and on camels carried silk with them, so these paths came to be known as the Silk Route.
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Q.81
A teacher plans a unit on 'Water' in which students study rivers (geography), irrigation and water pricing (economics), inter-state water disputes (polity) and ancient water harvesting (history). This is an example of the:
- A Interdisciplinary or thematic approach
- B Strictly disciplinary approach
- C Lecture method
- D Drill and practice method
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Interdisciplinary or thematic approach
The thematic or interdisciplinary approach organises learning around a theme that cuts across the social science disciplines, showing their interconnections and reflecting the integrated nature of social studies.
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Q.82
Match the urban workers with the descriptions:
A. Street vendor B. Casual worker C. Permanent employee D. Shop owner
1. Is hired only when needed and has no job security
2. Gets a regular salary, with provident fund, paid leave and medical benefits
3. Runs a business from a permanent place and bears its profit or loss
4. Sells goods from a cart or a temporary stall on the pavement
- A A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
- B A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
- C A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
- D A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
A street vendor sells from a cart or temporary stall; a casual worker is hired only when needed, without security; a permanent employee gets a regular salary and benefits such as provident fund, leave and medical care; a shop owner runs a business from a fixed place.
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Q.83
Ravi has never met anyone from a particular community, yet he believes that all its members are dishonest and inferior to him. In the terms NCERT uses, Ravi's attitude is an example of:
- A Diversity
- B Dignity
- C Prejudice
- D Interdependence
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Prejudice
Prejudice means judging other people negatively or seeing them as inferior, often without knowing them. It becomes discrimination only when a person acts on such a belief, for example by excluding them.
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Q.84
Which sequence correctly shows how sea waves erode a rocky coast over time?
- A Sea cave → sea arch → stack
- B Stack → sea arch → sea cave
- C Sea arch → sea cave → stack
- D Sea cave → stack → sea arch
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Sea cave → sea arch → stack
Waves widen cracks in coastal rocks into sea caves; as the caves grow, only the roof remains, forming sea arches; when the roof collapses, only wall-like stacks are left.
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Q.85
During the Cold War, India under Jawaharlal Nehru, together with leaders such as Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and Yugoslavia's Marshal Tito, followed a foreign policy of:
- A joining the military alliance led by the United States of America
- B non-alignment, keeping away from both the US-led and Soviet-led blocs
- C joining the military alliance led by the Soviet Union (USSR)
- D cutting off all trade and diplomatic ties with other countries
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) non-alignment, keeping away from both the US-led and Soviet-led blocs
Non-alignment meant not joining either of the two power blocs, led by the USA and the USSR, so that newly independent countries could keep their freedom of action. India did not cut itself off from the world; it took help from both sides, for example Soviet help for the Bhilai steel plant.
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Q.86
The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993:
- A fixes minimum wages for municipal sweepers
- B makes it compulsory for every village panchayat to build dry latrines for all
- C prohibits employing people as manual scavengers and building dry latrines
- D reserves sanitation jobs for the Scheduled Castes
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) prohibits employing people as manual scavengers and building dry latrines
The 1993 Act prohibits both the employment of manual scavengers and the construction of dry latrines. The field is now covered by the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013, which widened the ban and provides for the rehabilitation of manual scavengers. Manual scavenging, done mainly by Dalits, violates their dignity and right to life, and groups such as the Safai Karmachari Andolan have campaigned for the law to be enforced.
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Q.87
In 1883 the government tried to introduce the Ilbert Bill, which provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indian judges. White opposition forced the government to water it down. What did this episode make clear to Indians?
- A That the British were ready to grant self-government soon
- B That Indian judges were not trained in British law
- C That the Congress already controlled the legislature
- D The racial attitudes of the British in India
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) The racial attitudes of the British in India
The Ilbert Bill sought equality between British and Indian judges; its dilution under white pressure enraged Indians and highlighted the racial attitudes of the British in India: under the compromise of 1884, a European tried by an Indian judge could claim a jury at least half of whose members were Europeans. The Congress did not yet exist; it was founded in 1885.
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Q.88
Match the markets with their features:
A. Weekly market B. Neighbourhood shop C. Shopping mall D. Wholesale market
1. Goods are bought and sold in large quantities, as in a sabzi mandi
2. A large building with many shops selling both branded and non-branded goods
3. Set up on a fixed day of the week, with no permanent buildings
4. A permanent shop where known customers can often buy on credit
- A A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
- B A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
- C A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
- D A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
A weekly market is held on a fixed day without permanent shops; a neighbourhood shop is permanent and often gives credit to known customers; a mall houses many shops with branded and non-branded goods; a wholesale market deals in bulk.
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Q.89
For many centuries, the Rigveda was preserved mainly by:
- A being carefully memorised, recited and taught orally
- B being written on palm leaves soon after it was composed
- C being carved on stone pillars across the land
- D being printed and kept in temple libraries
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) being carefully memorised, recited and taught orally
The hymns of the Rigveda were recited and heard rather than read. They were written down several centuries after they were first composed, and printed less than two hundred years ago.
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Q.90
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is important for rural local government because it:
- A Gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions
- B Set up Municipal Corporations in all the large cities of India
- C Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years
- D Added the Fundamental Duties to the Constitution
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions
The 73rd Amendment (1992) gave Panchayati Raj institutions constitutional status, with regular elections and reserved seats. Urban local bodies were covered by the 74th Amendment, the voting age was lowered by the 61st, and the Fundamental Duties came with the 42nd.
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Q.91
Raja Rammohun Roy, who founded the Brahmo Sabha (later the Brahmo Samaj) in Calcutta, campaigned against sati mainly by:
- A leading an armed revolt of sepoys against the Company
- B asking the Mughal emperor in Delhi to issue a royal decree banning it
- C organising a boycott of British goods in Bengal
- D arguing in his writings that ancient texts did not sanction sati
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) arguing in his writings that ancient texts did not sanction sati
Like many reformers, Rammohun Roy used ancient texts to argue that the practice of sati had no sanction in them, and in 1829 sati was banned. The boycott of British goods belongs to the Swadeshi movement of the early twentieth century.
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Q.92
Students study a photograph of an ancient coin found in their district. Which of the following can they most reasonably learn from the coin itself?
- A The metal used and the name or symbol of the issuing authority
- B What ordinary people of the kingdom thought about the ruler
- C The total population of the kingdom at the time it was issued
- D The daily wages paid to ordinary workers throughout the kingdom
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) The metal used and the name or symbol of the issuing authority
A coin directly shows its metal and the name, symbol or title of the ruler or authority that issued it; where coins are found can also hint at trade. A coin alone cannot tell us people's opinions, population or wages.
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Q.93
The population pyramid of a country such as Japan is narrow at the base. This mainly indicates that the country has:
- A low birth rates
- B high birth rates
- C high death rates among young children
- D a very young population
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) low birth rates
A narrow base means that few children are being born, that is, low birth rates; with low death rates, many people also live to old age. Countries with high birth rates, such as Kenya, have pyramids that are broad at the base.
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Q.94
The long conflict over control of Kanauj, which historians call the 'tripartite struggle', involved which three ruling dynasties?
- A The Cholas, the Pandyas and the Cheras
- B The Chalukyas, the Pallavas and the Kadambas
- C The Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Rashtrakutas and the Palas
- D The Ghaznavids, the Chauhans and the Chandelas of Bundelkhand
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) The Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Rashtrakutas and the Palas
The Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Rashtrakutas and the Palas fought for generations over Kanauj in the Ganga valley; control of this city was seen as a sign of power.
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Q.95
Some children refuse to sit next to a classmate of a particular caste during the mid-day meal. The most appropriate action of the teacher is to:
- A Arrange separate rows for the two groups so that there is no conflict at all
- B Ignore it, since meal time is not a part of class time
- C Ask the classmate to bring food from home and eat apart
- D Seat all children together, discuss dignity, and involve parents if needed
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Seat all children together, discuss dignity, and involve parents if needed
Allowing separation would accept caste discrimination, which the Constitution forbids. The teacher should ensure equal treatment, use the incident to discuss dignity and equality, and work with parents where needed.
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Q.96
Mahatma Gandhi was a strong critic of the colonial system of education. What was his main argument against it?
- A It placed far too much stress on handwork, crafts and practical skills
- B It bred a sense of inferiority and made Indians see the West as superior
- C It taught children only in their mother tongue and ignored English
- D It focused on villages and neglected education in the cities
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Correct answer: (B) It bred a sense of inferiority and made Indians see the West as superior
Gandhiji argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority, made Indians see Western civilisation as superior and destroyed their pride in their own culture. He wanted education to develop a person's mind and soul, through Indian languages and handwork, so the first option is the opposite of his view.
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Q.97
A garment exporter supplies shirts to a large foreign buyer who demands top quality, timely delivery and the lowest possible price. To keep his profits, the exporter is most likely to:
- A raise the price he charges the foreign buyer
- B give all his workers permanent jobs with benefits
- C pay the weavers more than the market price for the cloth he buys
- D keep workers' wages low and hire many on a temporary basis
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Correct answer: (D) keep workers' wages low and hire many on a temporary basis
Because foreign buyers press for low prices and strict deadlines, exporters cut costs by getting the most work from workers at the lowest wages, often hiring them temporarily. This is why workers at the bottom of the market chain gain little.
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Q.98
While teaching about the Mauryan empire, a teacher asks students to mark on an outline map the places where Ashoka's inscriptions have been found. This mainly helps students to:
- A Memorise the full text of every one of Ashoka's inscriptions
- B Understand the spatial spread of a historical development
- C Learn the scale used on a large-scale topographical map
- D Identify the present-day capital of each Indian state
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Correct answer: (B) Understand the spatial spread of a historical development
Mapping evidence links history with geography: students see how far events and a ruler's influence extended. The spread of the inscriptions gives a sense of the reach of Ashoka's rule.
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Q.99
A school claims to follow Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) because it holds a written test every week. This is a misunderstanding because 'continuous' assessment in CCE means:
- A Testing the students every single day instead of only once a week
- B Assessment built into daily teaching in varied ways, not just tests
- C One final examination held at the end of the year
- D Assessing only co-scholastic areas such as sports
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Assessment built into daily teaching in varied ways, not just tests
'Continuous' means that assessment is a regular, built-in part of teaching and learning, using observation, discussion, projects and other means; frequent formal tests only add stress and are not what CCE intends.
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Q.100
People who own homes in a city pay a tax to the Municipal Corporation, and those with larger houses pay more. This tax is called:
- A Income tax
- B Property tax
- C Land revenue
- D Customs duty
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Property tax
Property tax is collected by the Municipal Corporation from those who own homes, and the amount rises with the size of the property. Land revenue is collected on agricultural land, and income tax and customs duty are Union taxes.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.