Reasoning

Statement and Conclusion: Practice Questions with Answers

11 practice questions on Statement and Conclusion, with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.

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1. Q.1

   Statement: "Either the manager or the supervisor will attend tomorrow’s meeting." Conclusions: I. If the manager does not attend, the supervisor will attend. II. Both the manager and the supervisor will attend.

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   Answer: Only conclusion I follows

   Solution:

   1. I: An "either...or" statement guarantees that if one option is ruled out, the other must happen — this follows directly.
   2. II: The statement only guarantees at least one of them attends, not that both do — this goes beyond what was said.

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2. Q.2

   Statement: "Out of 500 candidates who appeared for an exam, 320 were men and the rest were women." Conclusions: I. 180 women appeared for the exam. II. The exam was more difficult for the women candidates.

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   Answer: Only conclusion I follows

   Solution:

   1. I: 500 − 320 = 180 — a direct arithmetic restatement of the given numbers. This follows.
   2. II: The statement gives no information about difficulty for either group; this is entirely unsupported.

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3. Q.3

   Statement: "The number of applicants for the exam this year is 20% higher than last year." Conclusions: I. More people are interested in the exam this year than last year. II. The exam has become more difficult this year.

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   Answer: Only conclusion I follows

   Solution:

   1. I: Applying is a direct measure of interest, so more applicants directly means more interest — this follows.
   2. II: The statement says nothing about difficulty; that’s an unstated guess about cause, not what was actually said.

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4. Q.4

   Statement: "Ramesh is taller than Suresh, and Suresh is taller than Mohan." Conclusions: I. Ramesh is taller than Mohan. II. Mohan is the shortest among the three.

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   Answer: Both conclusions follow

   Solution:

   1. I: Combining Ramesh > Suresh > Mohan directly gives Ramesh > Mohan.
   2. II: Mohan sits at the bottom of the full established order among exactly these three, so Mohan is directly the shortest.

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5. Q.5

   Statement: "All the 50 employees of the company attended the training session held last week." Conclusions: I. The company has 50 employees. II. The training session was held last week.

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   Answer: Both conclusions follow

   Solution:

   1. I: Directly stated ("the 50 employees").
   2. II: Directly stated ("held last week").

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6. Q.6

   Statement: "Company X’s profits increased for three consecutive years, but fell sharply in the fourth year." Conclusions: I. The company faced some problem in the fourth year. II. The company’s management changed in the fourth year.

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   Answer: Neither conclusion follows

   Solution:

   1. I: A profit fall doesn’t directly prove any specific "problem" — it could result from many things (a one-time policy change, a deliberate price cut), so this isn’t a direct logical derivation.
   2. II: The statement says nothing about management at all; this is entirely unsupported.

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7. Q.7

   Statement: "Either the fan or the air conditioner in the room is malfunctioning." Conclusions: I. If the fan is not malfunctioning, the air conditioner is. II. Neither the fan nor the air conditioner is malfunctioning.

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   Answer: Only conclusion I follows

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8. Q.8

   Statement: "City P has a population of 2 lakh, and City Q has a population of 3.5 lakh." Conclusions: I. City Q is more populated than City P. II. City P will have as large a population as City Q within 5 years.

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   Answer: Only conclusion I follows

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9. Q.9

   Statement: "City A receives more annual rainfall than City B, and City B receives more annual rainfall than City C." Conclusions: I. City A receives more rainfall than City C. II. City C receives the least rainfall among the three.

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   Answer: Both conclusions follow

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10. Q.10

    Statement: "Of the 100 students who appeared for the exam, 80 passed." Conclusions: I. 20 students failed the exam. II. All 100 students studied equally hard.

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    Answer: Only conclusion I follows

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11. Q.11

    Statement: "The price of petrol has been reduced by the government with effect from Monday." Conclusions: I. The price of petrol was higher before Monday. II. People will buy more petrol from Monday onwards.

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    Answer: Only conclusion I follows

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