Pariksha SaathiGeneral Studies
Indian Geography: Practice Questions with Answers
239 practice questions on Indian Geography, with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.201
Which of the following oil fields is located in Gujarat?
- A Digboi
- B Ankleshwar
- C Naharkatiya
- D Moran
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Correct answer: (B) Ankleshwar
Ankleshwar and Kalol are oil fields of the Cambay (Khambhat) basin in Gujarat. Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan are oil fields of Assam.
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Q.202
Jharia, India's most important coking coal field, is located in which state?
- A Odisha
- B West Bengal
- C Chhattisgarh
- D Jharkhand
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Jharkhand
Jharia in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand lies in the Damodar valley, the main Gondwana coal belt. Raniganj is in West Bengal and Korba in Chhattisgarh.
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Q.203
Indira Point, the southernmost point of India, is located on which island?
- A Little Andaman
- B Car Nicobar
- C Minicoy
- D Great Nicobar
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Great Nicobar
Indira Point (formerly Pygmalion Point) lies at about 6 degree 45 minutes N on Great Nicobar island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Minicoy is the southernmost island of Lakshadweep.
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Q.204
Arrange the following tributaries in the order in which they join the Ganga, from upstream to downstream: 1. Kosi 2. Ghaghara 3. Yamuna 4. Gandak
- A 2, 3, 4, 1
- B 3, 2, 4, 1
- C 3, 4, 2, 1
- D 3, 2, 1, 4
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) 3, 2, 4, 1
The Yamuna joins the Ganga at Prayagraj, the Ghaghara near Chhapra in Bihar, the Gandak near Patna and the Kosi near Kursela in eastern Bihar.
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Q.205
Which of the following is the oldest landmass of India, formed from the ancient Gondwana land?
- A The Himalayas
- B The Northern Plains
- C The Coastal Plains
- D The Peninsular Plateau
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) The Peninsular Plateau
The Peninsular Plateau is a stable block of old crystalline rocks and is the oldest part of India. The Himalayas are young fold mountains and the Northern Plains are recent alluvial deposits.
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Q.206
Western disturbances, which bring winter rainfall to Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, originate over
- A the Mediterranean Sea
- B the Bay of Bengal
- C the Arabian Sea
- D the Tibetan plateau
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) the Mediterranean Sea
Western disturbances are extra-tropical cyclones that form over the Mediterranean and travel east with the westerly jet stream. Their winter rain (mahawat) benefits the rabi wheat crop.
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Q.207
The Idukki arch dam in Kerala, built in a gorge between the Kuravan and Kurathi hills, is on which river?
- A Pamba
- B Bharathapuzha
- C Periyar
- D Chaliyar
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Correct answer: (C) Periyar
The Idukki dam impounds the Periyar, and its water runs the underground Moolamattom power station. It was built mainly for hydroelectric power.
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Q.208
Which major port lies at the entrance of a lagoon (the Vembanad backwaters) and has a natural harbour?
- A Kochi
- B New Mangalore
- C Chennai
- D Paradip
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Kochi
Kochi, the south-western major port, sits at the mouth of the Vembanad lagoon with a natural harbour. Chennai, by contrast, is one of the oldest artificial harbours of India.
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Q.209
The Konkan Railway line, which runs from Roha to near Mangaluru along the west coast, does NOT pass through which state?
- A Maharashtra
- B Goa
- C Karnataka
- D Kerala
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Kerala
The Konkan Railway, completed in 1998, runs from Roha in Maharashtra through Goa to Thokur near Mangaluru in Karnataka. Kerala took a stake in the Konkan Railway Corporation when it was set up, but the line itself ends in Karnataka.
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Q.210
The northern part of the eastern coastal plain of India is known as the
- A Coromandel Coast
- B Kanara Coast
- C Malabar Coast
- D Northern Circars
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Northern Circars
The eastern coastal plain is called the Northern Circars in its northern part and the Coromandel Coast in its southern part. Kanara and Malabar are parts of the western coast.
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Q.211
Which of the following rivers is NOT a tributary of the Indus?
- A Gomti
- B Shyok
- C Zaskar
- D Gilgit
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Gomti
The Shyok, Zaskar and Gilgit join the Indus in its Himalayan course. The Gomti is a left-bank tributary of the Ganga that flows past Lucknow.
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Q.212
In Arunachal Pradesh, the Brahmaputra is known by the name
- A Tsangpo
- B Jamuna
- C Dihang (Siang)
- D Padma
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Dihang (Siang)
The river is Tsangpo in Tibet, Dihang or Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, Brahmaputra in Assam and Jamuna in Bangladesh, where it joins the Padma (Ganga).
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Q.213
Which variety of coal has the highest carbon content and is the best quality hard coal?
- A Bituminous
- B Lignite
- C Anthracite
- D Peat
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Anthracite
Anthracite, formed under the greatest heat and pressure, has the highest carbon content. Bituminous coal is used for coking in steel plants, while lignite and peat are low-grade coals with high moisture.
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Q.214
The Tehri dam, a multipurpose project in Uttarakhand, is built on which river?
- A Alaknanda
- B Bhagirathi
- C Yamuna
- D Ramganga
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Correct answer: (B) Bhagirathi
The Tehri dam stands on the Bhagirathi near its confluence with the Bhilangana, upstream of Devprayag. Besides hydroelectric power, it supplies drinking water to Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh.
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Q.215
Which of the following pairs of waterfall and river is correctly matched?
- A Shivanasamudra Falls - Narmada
- B Jog Falls - Sharavathi
- C Dudhsagar Falls - Krishna
- D Hundru Falls - Kaveri
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Jog Falls - Sharavathi
Jog Falls in Karnataka is formed by the Sharavathi as it drops over the Western Ghats. Shivanasamudra is on the Kaveri, Dudhsagar on the Mandovi and Hundru on the Subarnarekha near Ranchi.
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Q.216
Mawsynram, which receives the highest average annual rainfall in the world, is located in
- A Assam
- B Arunachal Pradesh
- C Manipur
- D Meghalaya
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Correct answer: (D) Meghalaya
Mawsynram and nearby Cherrapunji (Sohra) lie on the southern slopes of the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya, where the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon is forced to rise.
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Q.217
Nanda Devi peak is located in which state?
- A Himachal Pradesh
- B Uttarakhand
- C Sikkim
- D Arunachal Pradesh
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Uttarakhand
Nanda Devi (7,816 m) rises in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand and is the highest peak lying wholly within India. Kangchenjunga, on the Sikkim-Nepal border, is higher.
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Q.218
Iron ore from the Kudremukh mines in the Western Ghats of Karnataka was carried as slurry through a pipeline to a port near
- A Mormugao
- B Mangaluru
- C Kochi
- D Karwar
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Mangaluru
Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district was an export-oriented mine whose ore was piped as slurry to the coast near Mangaluru. Mining there was later stopped on Supreme Court orders to protect the Kudremukh National Park area.
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Q.219
Which of the following peninsular rivers flows eastwards into the Bay of Bengal?
- A Narmada
- B Tapi
- C Mahanadi
- D Sabarmati
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Correct answer: (C) Mahanadi
The Mahanadi rises in Chhattisgarh and reaches the Bay of Bengal in Odisha through a delta. Narmada, Tapi and Sabarmati flow west into the Arabian Sea.
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Q.220
Which of the following pairs of river and its place of origin is correctly matched?
- A Kaveri - Amarkantak
- B Tapi - Trimbakeshwar
- C Krishna - Mahabaleshwar
- D Mahanadi - Brahmagiri
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Krishna - Mahabaleshwar
The Krishna rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar in the Sahyadri. The Kaveri rises in the Brahmagiri hills, the Tapi near Multai in Betul district and the Mahanadi near Sihawa in Chhattisgarh.
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Q.221
Pune receives far less rainfall than Mumbai, although both are in Maharashtra, mainly because Pune
- A lies at a much higher altitude
- B lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats
- C is closer to the Bay of Bengal branch
- D lies north of the Tropic of Cancer
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats
The Arabian Sea branch drops most of its moisture on the windward western slopes of the Ghats; Pune on the leeward side is in the rain shadow and gets about one-third of Mumbai's rain.
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Q.222
Which soil, found mainly in western Rajasthan, is sandy, often saline, poor in humus and has kankar layers in its lower horizons?
- A Laterite soil
- B Arid soil
- C Peaty soil
- D Black soil
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Arid soil
Arid soils develop under a dry climate with high evaporation; calcium content increases downward and forms kankar layers that restrict the infiltration of water. With irrigation they can be made productive.
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Q.223
What was the sex ratio of India (females per 1,000 males) according to the Census of 2011?
- A 927
- B 933
- C 950
- D 943
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) 943
The final Census 2011 figure was 943 females per 1,000 males, up from 933 in 2001 and 927 in 1991.
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Q.224
Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, a large reservoir in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, was created by which dam?
- A Rihand dam
- B Rajghat dam
- C Bansagar dam
- D Kalagarh (Ramganga) dam
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Rihand dam
The Rihand dam stands on the Rihand, a tributary of the Son, at Pipri in Sonbhadra. Its water serves the hydroelectric station there and the thermal power plants of the Singrauli region.
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Q.225
Which of the following pairs of city and its geographical nickname is correctly matched?
- A Shillong - Scotland of the East
- B Nagpur - City of Lakes
- C Coimbatore - Detroit of India
- D Udaipur - Orange City
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Shillong - Scotland of the East
Shillong is called the Scotland of the East. Nagpur is the Orange City, Udaipur the City of Lakes, Coimbatore the Manchester of South India and Chennai the Detroit of India.
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Q.226
Jawaharlal Nehru Port, developed to relieve congestion at Mumbai port, is located at
- A Ratnagiri
- B Dahej
- C Nhava Sheva
- D Alibag
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Correct answer: (C) Nhava Sheva
Jawaharlal Nehru Port at Nhava Sheva in Navi Mumbai opened in 1989 as a modern container port across the harbour from Mumbai port.
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Q.227
Pine, deodar, silver fir and spruce are found mainly in which forest zone?
- A Tropical evergreen forests of the Western Ghats
- B Tropical deciduous forests of the Deccan
- C Mangrove forests of the deltas
- D Temperate coniferous forests of the Himalaya, at about 1,500-3,000 m
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Temperate coniferous forests of the Himalaya, at about 1,500-3,000 m
In the Himalaya, wet temperate forests of oak and chestnut occur between about 1,000 and 2,000 m, and coniferous forests of pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar between about 1,500 and 3,000 m.
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Q.228
Saddle Peak, the highest point of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is located on
- A South Andaman
- B North Andaman
- C Little Andaman
- D Great Nicobar
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) North Andaman
Saddle Peak rises on North Andaman. Mount Thuillier is the main peak of Great Nicobar.
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Q.229
According to the Census of 2011, which state had the lowest sex ratio in India?
- A Punjab
- B Haryana
- C Rajasthan
- D Uttar Pradesh
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Haryana
Haryana recorded 879 females per 1,000 males in 2011, the lowest among states; neighbouring Punjab was also below 900, at 895.
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Q.230
The first cement plant in India was set up in 1904 at
- A Kolkata
- B Mumbai
- C Jaipur
- D Chennai
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Chennai
The first cement plant came up at Madras (Chennai) in 1904. Cement needs bulky raw materials such as limestone, silica and gypsum, so plants are usually located close to limestone deposits.
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Q.231
The Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant, which began as the Mysore Iron Works, is located at
- A Salem
- B Bokaro
- C Bhadravati
- D Durgapur
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Bhadravati
The plant is at Bhadravati on the Bhadra river in Shivamogga district, Karnataka, and is named after the engineer M. Visvesvaraya. The Salem Steel Plant in Tamil Nadu is known for stainless steel.
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Q.232
Concern that sulphur dioxide emissions could damage the white marble of the Taj Mahal was raised mainly about which oil refinery?
- A Panipat refinery
- B Barauni refinery
- C Mathura refinery
- D Koyali refinery
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Mathura refinery
The Indian Oil refinery at Mathura, upstream of Agra on the Yamuna, raised fears of acid rain damaging the Taj; the Supreme Court later restricted polluting industries in the Taj Trapezium Zone.
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Q.233
The core of the Greater Himalaya (Himadri), the most continuous and perennially snow-bound range, is composed mainly of
- A Basalt
- B Limestone
- C Sandstone
- D Granite
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Correct answer: (D) Granite
NCERT describes the core of the Himadri as composed of granite; the range is snow-bound and many glaciers descend from it. Basalt, by contrast, forms the Deccan Trap of the Peninsula.
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Q.234
Before entering India in Arunachal Pradesh, the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) takes a sharp U-turn around which peak?
- A Namcha Barwa
- B Kangchenjunga
- C Nanga Parbat
- D Makalu
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Namcha Barwa
The Brahmaputra flows east through southern Tibet as the Tsangpo, bends sharply around Namcha Barwa and enters Arunachal Pradesh through a deep gorge as the Siang or Dihang. Nanga Parbat lies near the Indus at the western end of the Himalaya.
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Q.235
The Dihang (Siang) takes the name Brahmaputra after it is joined by which two left-bank tributaries?
- A Subansiri and Manas
- B Dibang and Lohit
- C Teesta and Sankosh
- D Kameng and Dhansiri
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Dibang and Lohit
After the Dibang (Sikang) and the Lohit join the Dihang, the river is known as the Brahmaputra. The Subansiri, Kameng, Manas and Sankosh join it later from the north.
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Q.236
Tropical moist deciduous forests are found mainly in regions that receive annual rainfall of about
- A 100 to 200 cm
- B More than 200 cm
- C 70 to 100 cm
- D Less than 50 cm
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) 100 to 200 cm
Moist deciduous forests grow where rainfall is between about 100 and 200 cm, as in the Himalayan foothills, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. Dry deciduous forests occur where it is about 70 to 100 cm.
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Q.237
In ancient India, soils were classified into two main groups, urvara and usara. These terms meant
- A Red and black
- B Wet and dry
- C Fertile and sterile
- D Hill and plain
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Fertile and sterile
Urvara meant fertile and usara meant sterile soil. Modern classifications group Indian soils into types such as alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, saline, peaty and forest soils.
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Q.238
Project Tiger, the conservation programme for the tiger, was launched in India in the year
- A 1972
- B 1973
- C 1980
- D 1986
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) 1973
Project Tiger began on 1 April 1973 with nine reserves, Corbett being the first. The Wildlife (Protection) Act was passed in 1972, a year earlier.
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Q.239
El Nino, which is often linked with a weak Indian monsoon, is the periodic appearance of a warm ocean current off the coast of
- A Peru
- B Somalia
- C Madagascar
- D Western Australia
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Peru
El Nino is a warm current that periodically replaces the cold Peruvian current off the coast of Peru in the eastern Pacific. It raises sea temperatures and is often associated with weak monsoon years in India.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.