Pariksha SaathiGeneral Studies
Indian Geography: Practice Questions with Answers
239 practice questions on Indian Geography, with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.151
Kangchenjunga, the highest peak in India, is located in which state?
- A Uttarakhand
- B Sikkim
- C Himachal Pradesh
- D Arunachal Pradesh
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Sikkim
Kangchenjunga (8,586 m), the third highest mountain in the world, stands on the Sikkim-Nepal border. Nanda Devi is the highest peak of Uttarakhand.
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Q.152
National Waterway 3, made up of the West Coast Canal with the Champakara and Udyogmandal canals, lies in which state?
- A Karnataka
- B Kerala
- C Goa
- D Tamil Nadu
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Kerala
National Waterway 3 follows the West Coast Canal through the backwaters of Kerala, linking Kollam, Kochi and Kottapuram; the National Waterways Act, 2016 extended it north to Kozhikode. Its calm lagoons and canals have long carried cargo and passenger boats.
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Q.153
The Chotanagpur industrial region, spread over Jharkhand, northern Odisha and western West Bengal, is known mainly for
- A heavy metallurgical industries
- B cotton textiles and petrochemicals
- C software and electronics
- D tea processing and plantation industries
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) heavy metallurgical industries
The region rests on Damodar valley coal and the iron ore of Jharkhand and Odisha; Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Durgapur and the heavy engineering works of Ranchi lie here. Cotton textiles and petrochemicals mark the Gujarat region.
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Q.154
Which city is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems?
- A Ludhiana
- B Meerut
- C Kanpur
- D Ambala
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Ambala
NCERT notes that Ambala stands on the water divide between the Indus and Ganga systems. Ludhiana lies in the Sutlej basin of the Indus system, while Meerut and Kanpur lie in the Ganga basin.
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Q.155
At Devprayag the Bhagirathi joins which river to form the Ganga?
- A Mandakini
- B Pindar
- C Alaknanda
- D Dhauliganga
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Alaknanda
Devprayag is the last of the Panch Prayag, where the Alaknanda meets the Bhagirathi and the combined stream is first called Ganga. Mandakini joins at Rudraprayag and Pindar at Karnaprayag.
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Q.156
Under the National Highways Development Project, the East-West Corridor links Silchar in Assam with
- A Kandla
- B Dwarka
- C Porbandar
- D Bhuj
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Porbandar
The East-West Corridor runs from Silchar to Porbandar in Gujarat, and the North-South Corridor from Srinagar to Kanyakumari; the two cross near Jhansi.
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Q.157
Tertiary coal, which is much younger than Gondwana coal, is found mainly in
- A the Damodar valley of Jharkhand and West Bengal
- B the Son valley of Madhya Pradesh
- C Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland
- D the Wardha valley of Maharashtra
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland
Tertiary coal, only about 55 million years old, occurs in the north-eastern states. Gondwana coal, a little over 200 million years old, holds most of India's reserves and is found in the Damodar, Son, Mahanadi, Godavari and Wardha valleys.
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Q.158
Which of the following is NOT a tributary of the Godavari?
- A Manjra
- B Wainganga
- C Indravati
- D Bhima
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Bhima
The Manjra, Wainganga (through the Pranhita) and Indravati are tributaries of the Godavari. The Bhima, which rises in the Sahyadri, joins the Krishna.
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Q.159
The Konkan coast is the stretch of the western coastal plain between
- A Daman and Goa
- B Goa and Mangaluru
- C Mangaluru and Kanyakumari
- D Gulf of Kachchh and Daman
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Daman and Goa
The west coast is divided into Konkan (Daman to Goa), Kanara or Karnataka coast (Goa to Mangaluru) and Malabar (Mangaluru to Kanyakumari).
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Q.160
Majuli, a large inhabited river island, is formed by which river?
- A Barak
- B Teesta
- C Brahmaputra
- D Ganga
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Brahmaputra
Majuli lies in the Brahmaputra in Assam and is a centre of Vaishnava satras. The Barak drains the Cachar plain of southern Assam.
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Q.161
The word 'monsoon' is derived from the Arabic word 'mausim', which means
- A Rain
- B Wind
- C Season
- D Cloud
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Season
'Mausim' literally means season, and 'monsoon' refers to the seasonal reversal in the direction of winds during a year.
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Q.162
Which of the following cities is NOT one of the four nodes of the Golden Quadrilateral highway network?
- A Delhi
- B Chennai
- C Kolkata
- D Bengaluru
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Bengaluru
The Golden Quadrilateral, built under the National Highways Development Project, connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. Bengaluru lies on the Mumbai-Chennai side but is not a corner.
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Q.163
Kayals, the backwaters used for fishing, inland navigation and tourism, are a distinctive feature of which coast?
- A Konkan Coast
- B Malabar Coast
- C Coromandel Coast
- D Kathiawar Coast
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Malabar Coast
The Malabar coast of Kerala has kayals, lagoons and backwaters such as Vembanad that support fishing, boat transport and tourism. The Nehru Trophy boat race is held in these Kerala backwaters.
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Q.164
Muppandal, known for its large cluster of wind farms, is in which state?
- A Tamil Nadu
- B Gujarat
- C Rajasthan
- D Kerala
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Tamil Nadu
Muppandal in Kanyakumari district receives strong, steady winds funnelled through the Aralvaimozhi pass of the southern Western Ghats, which suits wind turbines.
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Q.165
India's first modern iron and steel plant, set up by the Tatas in 1907, is located at
- A Bhilai
- B Jamshedpur
- C Rourkela
- D Durgapur
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Jamshedpur
TISCO was established at Sakchi, now Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur are public sector plants of the 1950s.
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Q.166
The Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar ranges belong to which division of the Himalaya?
- A Greater Himalaya (Himadri)
- B Lesser Himalaya (Himachal)
- C Shivalik (Outer Himalaya)
- D Trans-Himalaya
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Lesser Himalaya (Himachal)
The Pir Panjal is the longest and most important range of the Lesser Himalaya, and the Dhauladhar is another prominent one. The valleys of Kashmir, Kangra and Kullu lie in this division.
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Q.167
The Chotanagpur Plateau, known as the mineral store-house of India, lies mainly in
- A Jharkhand
- B Odisha
- C Chhattisgarh
- D West Bengal
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Jharkhand
The Chotanagpur Plateau covers most of Jharkhand, with Ranchi on it, and holds the coal, iron, mica and bauxite belts of the Damodar valley and Singhbhum region.
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Q.168
Chitrakote Falls in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh is formed by which river?
- A Indravati
- B Mahanadi
- C Sabari
- D Wainganga
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Indravati
Chitrakote Falls, near Jagdalpur, is on the Indravati, a tributary of the Godavari. The Mahanadi drains the Chhattisgarh plain further north.
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Q.169
The monazite sands found along the coast of Kerala are an important source of which nuclear mineral?
- A Lithium
- B Beryllium
- C Thorium
- D Tungsten
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Thorium
Monazite, a phosphate mineral of the beach sands of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Odisha, is the main source of thorium. India's three-stage nuclear power programme plans to use thorium in its last stage.
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Q.170
India shares its longest land border with which neighbouring country?
- A China
- B Pakistan
- C Bangladesh
- D Nepal
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Bangladesh
Bangladesh shares about 4,097 km of border with India, the longest, followed by China (about 3,488 km) and Pakistan (about 3,323 km).
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Q.171
Tea is usually grown on gentle hill slopes because the tea bush needs
- A frost during the winter months
- B plentiful, frequent rain but well-drained soil with no water-logging
- C a long dry spell during the growing season
- D heavy clay soil that holds standing water
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) plentiful, frequent rain but well-drained soil with no water-logging
Tea needs a warm, moist, frost-free climate with frequent showers through the year, and deep, fertile, well-drained soil rich in humus. Slopes drain water quickly, so the roots do not rot.
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Q.172
In the name of the HVJ gas pipeline, which carries natural gas from the west coast to north India, the letter V stands for
- A Vadodara
- B Varanasi
- C Visakhapatnam
- D Vijaipur
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Vijaipur
The Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur pipeline (also written HBJ) runs from Hazira in Gujarat through Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, supplying gas to fertiliser, power and industrial plants.
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Q.173
The Bhagirathi, the headstream of the Ganga, originates from which glacier?
- A Yamunotri
- B Gangotri
- C Satopanth
- D Milam
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Gangotri
The Bhagirathi rises at Gaumukh, the snout of the Gangotri glacier. The Alaknanda rises from the Satopanth glacier and the Yamuna from the Yamunotri glacier.
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Q.174
The Rourkela steel plant in Odisha was set up with the collaboration of which country?
- A USSR
- B United Kingdom
- C West Germany
- D Japan
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) West Germany
Rourkela was built with West German (Krupp-Demag) help. Bhilai and Bokaro were Soviet-assisted and Durgapur was built with British collaboration.
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Q.175
What was the population density of India according to the Census of 2011?
- A 382 persons per sq km
- B 325 persons per sq km
- C 267 persons per sq km
- D 412 persons per sq km
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) 382 persons per sq km
Density rose from 325 persons per sq km in 2001 to 382 in 2011. Among states, Bihar was the most densely populated.
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Q.176
Which type of natural vegetation covers the largest area of India, with sal and teak as typical trees?
- A Tropical evergreen forest
- B Tropical deciduous (monsoon) forest
- C Tropical thorn forest
- D Montane forest
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Tropical deciduous (monsoon) forest
Tropical deciduous or monsoon forests, in regions with 70 to 200 cm rainfall, are the most widespread. Teak dominates the moist deciduous belt and sal the wetter eastern parts; the trees shed leaves in the dry season.
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Q.177
The headquarters of the South East Central Railway zone is at
- A Raipur
- B Jabalpur
- C Nagpur
- D Bilaspur
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Correct answer: (D) Bilaspur
South East Central Railway, formed in 2003, has its headquarters at Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh. Jabalpur is the headquarters of West Central Railway.
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Q.178
Which of the following was NOT among the nine tiger reserves with which Project Tiger began in 1973?
- A Melghat
- B Palamau
- C Simlipal
- D Periyar
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Periyar
The first nine were Bandipur, Corbett, Kanha, Manas, Melghat, Palamau, Ranthambore, Simlipal and Sundarbans. Periyar in Kerala became a tiger reserve later, in 1978.
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Q.179
Ebony, mahogany and rosewood are typical trees of which type of forest in India?
- A Tropical evergreen forests
- B Tropical thorn forests
- C Temperate coniferous forests
- D Tidal (mangrove) forests
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Tropical evergreen forests
Tropical evergreen forests grow where rainfall exceeds 200 cm, as on the Western Ghats, in the north-east and on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They have no fixed season for shedding leaves.
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Q.180
Khetri, a well-known copper mining centre, is located in
- A Rajasthan
- B Jharkhand
- C Madhya Pradesh
- D Karnataka
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Rajasthan
Khetri in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan is a major copper belt. Malanjkhand in Madhya Pradesh and Singhbhum (Ghatshila) in Jharkhand are the other copper centres.
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Q.181
The Great Himalayan National Park, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, is in which state?
- A Uttarakhand
- B Himachal Pradesh
- C Sikkim
- D Jammu and Kashmir
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Himachal Pradesh
The park lies in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Uttarakhand's Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers national parks together form a separate World Heritage Site.
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Q.182
Which of the following pairs of mine and mineral is correctly matched?
- A Kolar - Manganese
- B Malanjkhand - Copper
- C Zawar - Mica
- D Hutti - Coal
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Malanjkhand - Copper
Malanjkhand in Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh, is a large open-cast copper mine. Kolar and Hutti in Karnataka are gold mines, and Zawar near Udaipur is known for lead and zinc.
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Q.183
Watermelon, muskmelon and cucumber are typical crops of which cropping season?
- A Kharif
- B Zaid
- C Rabi
- D Both kharif and rabi
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Zaid
Zaid is the short summer season between rabi and kharif (March to June) when melons, cucumbers and fodder are grown on irrigated land.
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Q.184
Which state had the lowest population density in India according to the Census of 2011?
- A Sikkim
- B Mizoram
- C Himachal Pradesh
- D Arunachal Pradesh
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh had only 17 persons per sq km in 2011, the lowest among states; its rugged, forested terrain limits settlement.
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Q.185
Digboi, where India's oldest oil refinery was set up in 1901, is in which state?
- A Gujarat
- B Maharashtra
- C West Bengal
- D Assam
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Assam
Digboi in Tinsukia district of Assam is Asia's oldest operating refinery and the site of India's first oil well. Ankleshwar is in Gujarat and Mumbai High is offshore from Maharashtra.
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Q.186
Hirakud, one of the longest earthen dams in the world, is built across which river in Odisha?
- A Godavari
- B Brahmani
- C Subarnarekha
- D Mahanadi
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Mahanadi
Hirakud dam near Sambalpur was India's first major multipurpose project after Independence and is built on the Mahanadi.
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Q.187
Eravikulam National Park in the Western Ghats of Kerala is best known for the protection of
- A Asiatic lion
- B Nilgiri tahr
- C Red panda
- D Indian wild ass
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Nilgiri tahr
Eravikulam, on the high grasslands near Munnar that include Anamudi, holds a major population of the Nilgiri tahr, a mountain goat found only in the Western Ghats.
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Q.188
Keibul Lamjao, the only floating national park in the world and home of the Sangai deer, is in
- A Manipur
- B Assam
- C Meghalaya
- D Mizoram
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Manipur
Keibul Lamjao lies on the floating phumdis (vegetation mats) of Loktak lake in Manipur and protects the brow-antlered deer, or Sangai.
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Q.189
The Luni, the main river of the Thar region, rises in the Aravalli hills near Pushkar and ends in
- A the Rann of Kachchh
- B the Gulf of Khambhat
- C the Sambhar Lake
- D the Chambal river
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) the Rann of Kachchh
The Luni flows west and then south-west across western Rajasthan and ends in the Rann of Kachchh. Its whole system is ephemeral, flowing mainly in the rainy season.
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Q.190
Narora Atomic Power Station is located on the banks of the Ganga in which state?
- A Bihar
- B Uttar Pradesh
- C Uttarakhand
- D Madhya Pradesh
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Uttar Pradesh
Narora is in Bulandshahr district of western Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthan's nuclear power station is at Rawatbhata near Kota, on the Chambal.
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Q.191
The Coromandel coast of Tamil Nadu receives most of its annual rainfall from
- A the Arabian Sea branch of the SW monsoon
- B the Bay of Bengal branch of the SW monsoon
- C the retreating north-east monsoon
- D western disturbances
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) the retreating north-east monsoon
Tamil Nadu lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats during the south-west monsoon. It gets its main rain in October to December when the retreating north-east monsoon picks up moisture over the Bay of Bengal.
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Q.192
Which division of the Himalayas is also known as Himadri?
- A Shivalik
- B Lesser Himalaya
- C Greater Himalaya
- D Trans-Himalaya
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Greater Himalaya
Himadri is the Greater or Inner Himalaya, the most continuous range with an average height of 6,000 m and all the highest peaks. The Lesser Himalaya is called Himachal and the Outer Himalaya is the Shivalik.
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Q.193
Bhitarkanika National Park, known for its mangroves and estuarine (saltwater) crocodiles, is in which state?
- A Odisha
- B West Bengal
- C Andhra Pradesh
- D Tamil Nadu
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Odisha
Bhitarkanika, in Kendrapara district of Odisha, lies in the delta of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers. The nearby Gahirmatha coast is a mass nesting site of olive ridley turtles.
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Q.194
After crossing the equator, the south-east trade winds of the southern hemisphere turn into the south-west monsoon winds because of
- A The El Nino current
- B The Coriolis force
- C Western disturbances
- D The Southern Oscillation
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The Coriolis force
In the northern hemisphere the Coriolis force, caused by the Earth's rotation, deflects moving air to the right, so the south-east trades become south-westerlies and blow towards the low pressure over the Indian landmass.
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Q.195
Which is the oldest national park of India, established in 1936 as Hailey National Park?
- A Kanha
- B Kaziranga
- C Jim Corbett
- D Gir
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Jim Corbett
Jim Corbett National Park in Nainital district of Uttarakhand was created in 1936 as Hailey National Park and was the first park brought under Project Tiger in 1973.
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Q.196
What is the main purpose of the Farakka Barrage on the Ganga in West Bengal?
- A Diverting water into the Bhagirathi-Hugli to keep Kolkata port navigable
- B Generating hydroelectric power for Kolkata
- C Irrigating the Chotanagpur plateau
- D Storing the flood water of the Damodar
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Diverting water into the Bhagirathi-Hugli to keep Kolkata port navigable
Commissioned in 1975, Farakka diverts part of the Ganga's flow through a feeder canal into the Bhagirathi-Hugli to flush silt and maintain depth at Kolkata port.
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Q.197
Which is the longest river of peninsular India, also called the Dakshin Ganga?
- A Godavari
- B Krishna
- C Kaveri
- D Mahanadi
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Godavari
The Godavari (about 1,465 km) is the longest peninsular river and is called the Dakshin Ganga. The Krishna is the second longest.
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Q.198
During the south-west monsoon season, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks after a few rainy days, the dry spell is called a
- A Burst of the monsoon
- B Break in the monsoon
- C Retreat of the monsoon
- D Western disturbance
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Break in the monsoon
Breaks are linked to the movement of the monsoon trough: when its axis shifts close to the Himalaya, the plains get long dry spells while the mountain catchments get heavy rain.
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Q.199
Around the onset of the monsoon, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues for several days. This is known as the
- A Mango showers
- B Retreat of the monsoon
- C Kalbaisakhi
- D Burst of the monsoon
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Burst of the monsoon
This sudden onset of heavy, continuous rain is called the burst of the monsoon, which distinguishes it from scattered pre-monsoon showers such as the mango showers of Kerala.
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Q.200
Arrange the following biosphere reserves in the order in which they were designated, starting with the earliest: 1. Nanda Devi 2. Panna 3. Nilgiri 4. Pachmarhi
- A 1, 3, 4, 2
- B 3, 4, 1, 2
- C 3, 1, 4, 2
- D 3, 1, 2, 4
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) 3, 1, 4, 2
Nilgiri came first in 1986, followed by Nanda Devi in 1988, Pachmarhi in 1999 and Panna in 2011.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.