Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Science MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
353 practice questions on Science and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Mathematics and Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.1
In which situation is a teacher demonstration more suitable than having every group do the experiment itself?
- A An experiment that uses a hazardous chemical or costly, delicate apparatus
- B Measuring the length of the classroom with a measuring tape
- C Sorting leaves into groups by the pattern of their veins
- D Testing which everyday objects float or sink when placed in a bucket of water
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) An experiment that uses a hazardous chemical or costly, delicate apparatus
Demonstration is preferred when an experiment is hazardous, the apparatus is costly or delicate, or materials are scarce. Safe, low-cost activities such as floating and sinking, sorting leaves or measuring should be done by the children themselves.
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Q.2
Two inflated balloons are each rubbed with the same woollen cloth and then hung close to each other. They move apart. This is because:
- A Both acquire opposite kinds of charge, and these repel
- B Rubbing makes the balloons magnetic, so they repel
- C Both acquire the same kind of charge, and like charges repel
- D The air inside the balloons pushes them apart
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Both acquire the same kind of charge, and like charges repel
Balloons rubbed with the same material acquire the same kind of charge, and like charges repel each other. Unlike charges, on the other hand, attract each other.
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Q.3
Many children in a Class 6 find science difficult because the technical vocabulary is in a language they do not speak at home. The teacher should:
- A Insist on using only the textbook language in class
- B Avoid all technical terms so that the children are not confused
- C Use the children's home language alongside, building scientific terms on their everyday words and experiences
- D Give a glossary of terms to be memorised before each chapter
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Use the children's home language alongside, building scientific terms on their everyday words and experiences
NCF 2005 recommends multilingual classrooms in which the home language is a resource. Connecting new scientific terms to familiar words and experiences helps conceptual understanding; memorising glossaries does not.
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Q.4
A cyclone is known by different names in different parts of the world. It is called a 'typhoon' in:
- A The American continent
- B India
- C Western Europe
- D The Philippines and Japan
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) The Philippines and Japan
A cyclone is called a hurricane in the American continent and a typhoon in the Philippines and Japan. In India it is simply called a cyclone.
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Q.5
Three holes are made one above the other in the side of a tall plastic bottle filled with water. Water comes out of the lowest hole with the greatest speed. This shows that:
- A The pressure exerted by a liquid increases with depth
- B Water flows faster near the top of a container
- C Liquids exert pressure only on the bottom of a container
- D The air pressure inside the bottle is greatest at its bottom
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) The pressure exerted by a liquid increases with depth
The lowest hole has the most water above it, so the pressure there is greatest and the water is pushed out fastest. The same idea explains why dams are made wider at the base. How far a jet lands also depends on the height of its hole, so the lowest jet need not land farthest.
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Q.6
A plant has a hard but not very thick stem, and its branches arise near the base of the stem. Such a plant is called a:
- A Herb
- B Tree
- C Creeper
- D Shrub
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Shrub
Shrubs have hard but not very thick stems that branch out near the base. Herbs have green, tender stems, while trees have a tall, hard, thick stem with branches in the upper part, well above the ground.
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Q.7
Consider the following statements:
1. A force acting on an object always changes its speed.
2. Gases, like liquids, exert pressure on the walls of their container.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Only 2
Statement 1 is wrong: a force may change only the shape or the direction of motion, and pushing a wall does not move it at all. Statement 2 is right: a gas presses on all the walls of its container, which is why a balloon swells when air is blown into it.
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Q.8
A bar magnet is rolled in iron filings. Most of the filings stick near its two ends. This shows that:
- A The attraction of a magnet is strongest at its middle
- B Iron filings are attracted only by the north pole
- C Only the two ends of a bar magnet are made of iron
- D The attraction of a magnet is strongest near its poles
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) The attraction of a magnet is strongest near its poles
The poles of a magnet lie near its ends, and its attracting power is greatest there. Very few filings stick to the middle of the bar.
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Q.9
How does a rating scale differ from a checklist as a tool of assessment?
- A A rating scale records only whether a behaviour is present; a checklist records its degree or quality
- B A checklist records only whether a behaviour is present; a rating scale records its degree or quality
- C Both are written tests that check the recall of facts
- D A checklist can be used only for assessing the cognitive domain
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) A checklist records only whether a behaviour is present; a rating scale records its degree or quality
A checklist is a yes/no record, for example 'labels the axes of the graph'. A rating scale records how well or how often on graded points such as always, sometimes and rarely, so it gives finer information.
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Q.10
Why should cooking oil and fats not be poured down the kitchen drain?
- A They react with the water in the drain and give off poisonous gases
- B They help harmful bacteria to multiply inside the water taps
- C They harden and block pipes, and clog soil pores in open drains
- D They evaporate quickly and pollute the air in the kitchen
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) They harden and block pipes, and clog soil pores in open drains
Oils and fats can harden and block drain pipes. In an open drain the fats clog the pores of the soil, reducing its ability to filter water, so they should be thrown in the dustbin instead.
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Q.11
When a rubber sucker is pressed hard on a smooth plastic surface, it sticks and is difficult to pull off. The main reason is that:
- A The rubber turns sticky like glue when it is pressed against the surface
- B A magnetic force of attraction acts between the rubber and the plastic
- C Air is pushed out from under it, so the outside air pressure holds it on
- D The pressure of the air trapped under it pulls it towards the surface
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Air is pushed out from under it, so the outside air pressure holds it on
Pressing the sucker drives out most of the air between it and the surface. The much larger atmospheric pressure acting on it from outside then presses it firmly against the surface.
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Q.12
In a soil profile, which layer is generally dark in colour, rich in humus and minerals, soft and porous, and gives shelter to many living organisms?
- A B-horizon (subsoil)
- B C-horizon
- C A-horizon (topsoil)
- D Bedrock
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A-horizon (topsoil)
The A-horizon or topsoil is the uppermost layer; it is dark because of humus, holds water and gives shelter to worms, insects and other organisms. The B-horizon has less humus and is harder, the C-horizon is made of small lumps of cracked rock, and bedrock lies below it.
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Q.13
Which of the following is an irreversible change in which a new substance is formed?
- A Making ice cubes in a freezer
- B Dissolving sugar in water
- C Setting of curd from milk
- D Stretching a rubber band
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Setting of curd from milk
When milk sets into curd, a new substance with different properties forms and the curd cannot be turned back into milk. Freezing water, dissolving sugar and stretching a rubber band are reversible changes that form no new substance.
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Q.14
Consider the following statements:
1. In Hydra, a new individual develops as an outgrowth (bud) from a single parent.
2. In Amoeba, the nucleus first divides into two, and then the body divides into two, forming two individuals.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. Budding in Hydra and binary fission in Amoeba are both kinds of asexual reproduction, in which only a single parent is involved.
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Q.15
Assertion (A): The lecture method is the most effective method for developing process skills in science.
Reason (R): The lecture method allows a teacher to cover a large amount of content in a short time.
Choose the correct option.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A is false, but R is true
R is true, since lectures cover much content quickly. A is false: process skills such as observing, measuring and experimenting develop only when learners practise them, which a lecture does not allow.
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Q.16
A family wants to keep as many vitamins and minerals as possible in the vegetables it cooks. Which practice should it AVOID?
- A Washing whole vegetables before cutting them
- B Cooking in just enough water and using that water
- C Eating some washed fruits and vegetables raw
- D Washing vegetables after peeling and cutting them
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Washing vegetables after peeling and cutting them
Washing vegetables and fruits after peeling and cutting washes away some vitamins and minerals, so they should be washed before cutting. Using only as much water as needed, and not throwing it away, also saves nutrients.
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Q.17
Which of the following is a correctly stated specific (behavioural) objective for a Class 6 lesson on electricity?
- A The teacher will explain conductors and insulators to the whole class with the help of several examples
- B Students will appreciate the importance of electricity in daily life
- C Students will be able to classify given materials as conductors or insulators by testing them
- D Students will understand electricity
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Students will be able to classify given materials as conductors or insulators by testing them
A specific objective states what the learner will be able to do, using an observable action verb such as classify, measure or identify. 'Understand' and 'appreciate' cannot be observed directly, and a statement of the teacher's activity is not a learner objective.
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Q.18
Consider the following statements about the nitrogen cycle:
1. Some bacteria and blue-green algae in the soil fix atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.
2. Plants take nitrogen gas directly from the air through their stomata to make proteins.
3. Some other bacteria change nitrogen compounds in the soil back into nitrogen gas.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 2 and 3 only
- C 1 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen directly; they take up nitrogen compounds from the soil, so statement 2 is wrong. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and blue-green algae add nitrogen compounds to the soil, and other bacteria return nitrogen gas to the air.
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Q.19
During an earthquake, a student is inside a classroom. What is the safest thing to do?
- A Run down the stairs at once while the building is still shaking
- B Stand next to a tall, heavy cupboard and hold on to it firmly
- C Take shelter under a sturdy table and stay there until the shaking stops
- D Stand near the glass windows to see what is happening outside
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Take shelter under a sturdy table and stay there until the shaking stops
Indoors, one should take shelter under a table and stay there till the shaking stops, keeping away from tall and heavy objects that may fall and from glass. Running about while the building shakes can cause injury.
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Q.20
After running a long race, an athlete gets muscle cramps, which ease after a hot-water bath and a massage. Which explanation is correct?
- A Lactic acid builds up from anaerobic respiration; more oxygen then breaks it down
- B Carbon dioxide from aerobic respiration builds up; hot water draws it out through the skin
- C Alcohol formed in the muscles builds up; the massage pushes it out of the body in sweat
- D The muscles run out of water; the bath replaces the water that was lost in sweat
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Lactic acid builds up from anaerobic respiration; more oxygen then breaks it down
When oxygen is short during heavy exercise, muscle cells respire anaerobically and the lactic acid formed builds up and causes cramps. A hot bath or massage improves blood circulation, so more oxygen reaches the muscles and the lactic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
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Q.21
Assertion (A): We are not crushed by the very large pressure of the atmosphere on our bodies.
Reason (R): The pressure inside our bodies is equal to the atmospheric pressure and cancels the pressure from outside.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
The atmosphere presses on us with a large force, yet we are not crushed because the pressure inside our bodies is equal to the atmospheric pressure and balances it. R therefore explains A.
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Q.22
A person from the plains who goes to a high mountain area finds it hard to breathe at first, but the body adjusts within a few days. Such small changes in the body of a single organism over a short period are called:
- A Adaptation
- B Migration
- C Acclimatisation
- D Metamorphosis
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Acclimatisation
Small adjustments made by one organism's body over a short period to cope with changed surroundings are called acclimatisation. Adaptations are different: they develop in a kind of organism over thousands of years.
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Q.23
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good fuel?
- A It is cheap and readily available
- B It leaves behind a large amount of ash and smoke
- C It burns easily in air at a moderate rate
- D It produces a large amount of heat
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) It leaves behind a large amount of ash and smoke
A good fuel is readily available and cheap, burns easily in air at a moderate rate, produces a large amount of heat and does not leave behind undesirable substances. Leaving a lot of ash and smoke is a drawback.
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Q.24
Consider the following statements:
1. Stars are not seen during the day because they stop giving out light in the daytime.
2. The tail of a comet always points towards the Sun.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Both are wrong. Stars shine all the time, but in the daytime the bright sunlight makes them invisible. A comet's tail always points away from the Sun, and it grows longer as the comet comes nearer to the Sun.
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Q.25
Which of the following is NOT an example of periodic motion?
- A A child moving to and fro on a swing
- B The pendulum of a wall clock
- C A stone falling straight down from a rooftop
- D The needle of a running sewing machine
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A stone falling straight down from a rooftop
Periodic motion repeats itself after a fixed interval of time, as in a swing, a clock pendulum or a sewing-machine needle moving up and down. A falling stone moves once along a straight line and does not repeat its motion, so its motion is rectilinear but not periodic.
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Q.26
The inner wall of the small intestine has thousands of finger-like outgrowths that increase the surface area for absorbing digested food. They are called:
- A Pseudopodia
- B Stomata
- C Root nodules
- D Villi
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Villi
Villi greatly increase the absorbing surface of the small intestine, and the absorbed substances pass into the blood vessels. Pseudopodia are the false feet of Amoeba.
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Q.27
Consider the following statements:
1. Manure provides humus to the soil and improves its texture and water-holding capacity.
2. Fertilisers are rich in particular plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Manure is organic and provides humus, making the soil porous and improving its texture and water-holding capacity. Fertilisers are chemicals made in factories and are rich in specific nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so both statements are correct.
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Q.28
Animals that lay eggs are called oviparous. Which group contains ONLY oviparous animals?
- A Cow, dog and hen
- B Hen, frog and lizard
- C Human, cat and frog
- D Lizard, buffalo and cow
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Hen, frog and lizard
Hens, frogs, lizards and butterflies lay eggs, so they are oviparous. Humans, cows, buffaloes, dogs and cats give birth to young ones and are viviparous, so every other option has at least one viviparous animal.
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Q.29
A train is moving at a speed of 72 km/h. Its speed in metres per second is:
- A 72 m/s
- B 20 m/s
- C 7.2 m/s
- D 259.2 m/s
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) 20 m/s
1 km/h = 1000 m / 3600 s, so 72 km/h = 72 × 1000 / 3600 m/s = 20 m/s. Multiplying by 3.6 instead of dividing by it gives the wrong value 259.2.
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Q.30
Which of the following is NOT a helpful practice for a child with hearing impairment in a science class?
- A Facing the class while speaking, so that the child can see the teacher's face and lips
- B Explaining the experiment while writing on the board with one's back to the class
- C Giving written instructions and using demonstrations and visual aids
- D Seating the child near the front, where the teacher is clearly visible
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Explaining the experiment while writing on the board with one's back to the class
Children with hearing impairment depend on lip-reading, signs and visual information. Speaking while facing the board hides the teacher's face; the other three practices improve the child's access to the lesson.
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Q.31
A student with dyslexia understands science activities well but struggles to read and write long answers. A suitable accommodation is to:
- A Excuse the student from every activity that involves reading
- B Give the student longer passages to read so that reading improves
- C Fail the student in science, since writing long answers is an essential skill
- D Let the student also show learning orally and through drawings and models
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Let the student also show learning orally and through drawings and models
Offering several ways to show learning (oral, visual, practical) lets assessment measure science understanding rather than the reading difficulty. Such accommodations support access without lowering what the child is expected to learn.
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Q.32
Match the zone of a candle flame in List I with its feature in List II.
List I: A. Innermost zone B. Middle zone C. Outermost zone
List II: 1. Complete combustion; hottest part 2. Unburnt wax vapour; least hot part 3. Partial combustion; bright (luminous)
- A A-1, B-3, C-2
- B A-3, B-2, C-1
- C A-2, B-1, C-3
- D A-2, B-3, C-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-2, B-3, C-1
The dark innermost zone contains unburnt wax vapour and is least hot, the luminous middle zone has partial combustion and is moderately hot, and the non-luminous outermost zone has complete combustion and is the hottest.
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Q.33
Acid rain, which is damaging the marble of monuments such as the Taj Mahal, is formed when which gases react with water vapour in the atmosphere?
- A Oxygen and nitrogen
- B Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
- C Methane and carbon monoxide
- D Ozone and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, released mainly by burning fuels in industries and vehicles, react with water vapour to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, which come down as acid rain. Acid rain corrodes marble, damage that is called 'marble cancer'.
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Q.34
In the 5E model, the teacher introduces formal scientific terms and concepts only after students have had direct hands-on experience. This happens in the phase called:
- A Explain
- B Engage
- C Explore
- D Evaluate
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Explain
In the Explain phase the teacher helps students connect their explorations to formal vocabulary and concepts. This deliberately follows Explore so that terms are attached to experience rather than memorised in isolation.
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Q.35
Malaria is caused by a:
- A Protozoan, carried by the female Anopheles mosquito
- B Virus, carried by the female Aedes mosquito
- C Bacterium, spread through contaminated water
- D Fungus, spread through the air
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Protozoan, carried by the female Anopheles mosquito
Malaria is caused by a protozoan and is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. The female Aedes mosquito carries the dengue virus.
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Q.36
A teacher gives the class the question 'Which type of soil holds the most water?' but lets each group decide its own procedure and way of recording results. In the commonly used levels of inquiry, this is:
- A Confirmation inquiry
- B Open inquiry
- C Structured inquiry
- D Guided inquiry
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Guided inquiry
In guided inquiry the teacher supplies the question, and students design the procedure and interpret the results. In structured inquiry both question and procedure are given; in open inquiry students also frame the question; in confirmation inquiry they verify a result already known.
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Q.37
'Science is both a product and a process.' In this statement, the 'process' of science refers to:
- A Textbooks, syllabi and examination papers
- B Facts, concepts, laws and theories
- C Methods such as observing, measuring, experimenting and inferring
- D Industrial and technological applications of science
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Methods such as observing, measuring, experimenting and inferring
The product of science is its body of knowledge (facts, concepts, laws, theories); the process is the set of methods and skills by which that knowledge is built, such as observation, hypothesising, experimentation and inference.
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Q.38
Match the device in List I with what it uses in List II:
List I: (A) Side (rear-view) mirror of a car (B) Dentist's mirror for seeing teeth (C) Magnifying glass (D) Periscope
List II: (1) Convex lens (2) Concave mirror (3) Two plane mirrors (4) Convex mirror
- A A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
- B A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
- C A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
- D A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
A convex mirror gives a wider view and is used as a side mirror; a concave mirror gives an enlarged image of nearby teeth; a magnifying glass is a convex lens; and a periscope uses two plane mirrors.
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Q.39
After asking a thinking question, a teacher waits a few seconds before calling on anyone. Research on such 'wait time' shows that this pause generally leads to:
- A Answers coming from only the brightest students in the class
- B Shorter answers and less participation
- C A breakdown of discipline in the class
- D Longer, more thoughtful answers from more students
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Longer, more thoughtful answers from more students
Mary Budd Rowe found that when teachers waited about three seconds or more after a question, students gave longer, better-reasoned answers and more of them responded. Rushing to the next student cuts thinking short.
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Q.40
Many desert plants, such as cactus, have leaves reduced to spines. The main advantage of this is that it:
- A Reduces the loss of water through transpiration
- B Helps the plant to absorb dew from the air
- C Lets the leaves make more food for the plant
- D Helps the plant to attract insects for pollination
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Reduces the loss of water through transpiration
With leaves absent, very small or reduced to spines, desert plants lose very little water by transpiration. In such plants photosynthesis is usually carried out by the green stem, which is covered with a thick waxy layer.
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Q.41
Fish and other aquatic animals are able to live under water. This is possible because:
- A Aquatic animals do not need any oxygen to live
- B Some oxygen gas from the air dissolves in water
- C They use the carbon dioxide dissolved in water to respire
- D They break water down into hydrogen and oxygen
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Some oxygen gas from the air dissolves in water
Some gases, including oxygen, are soluble in water. The oxygen dissolved in water is essential for the survival of the animals and plants that live in water.
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Q.42
Which of the following statements about crystallisation is correct?
- A It is a physical change giving large crystals of a pure substance
- B It is a chemical change, because a new substance is formed
- C It gives salt less pure than salt from evaporating sea water
- D It can be used for common salt but not for copper sulphate
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) It is a physical change giving large crystals of a pure substance
In crystallisation, large crystals of a pure substance such as copper sulphate are obtained from its solution; no new substance forms, so it is a physical change. Salt obtained simply by evaporating sea water is not pure, and the shape of its crystals cannot be seen clearly.
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Q.43
To show that light is needed for photosynthesis, part of a leaf of a de-starched potted plant is covered with black paper and the plant is kept in sunlight; both parts of the leaf are then tested for starch. The uncovered part of the leaf serves as the:
- A Independent variable
- B Hypothesis being tested in the experiment
- C Dependent variable
- D Control, kept for comparison
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Control, kept for comparison
A control is the part of the set-up kept under normal conditions so that results can be compared; here only the covered part lacks light, so a difference in the starch test can be put down to light. The independent variable is the presence of light itself, not a part of the leaf.
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Q.44
While teaching the Class 8 chapter on adolescence, a teacher notices that students are too shy to ask questions. Which approach is most suitable?
- A Create a respectful atmosphere and keep a box for anonymous questions
- B Skip the chapter and ask students to read it by themselves at home
- C Scold the students who giggle or look embarrassed during the lesson
- D Teach only the names and definitions of the hormones involved
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Create a respectful atmosphere and keep a box for anonymous questions
Adolescence education needs accurate information in a safe, comfortable climate. An anonymous question box lets students raise real concerns and myths without embarrassment, which the teacher can then answer factually.
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Q.45
A species of plant or animal that is found naturally only in a particular area and nowhere else is called:
- A An endangered species
- B An extinct species
- C A migratory species
- D An endemic species
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) An endemic species
Endemic species are found exclusively in a particular area. An endangered species is one whose numbers have fallen so low that it may become extinct; an endemic species may or may not be endangered.
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Q.46
A 'portfolio' as a tool of assessment in science is:
- A A purposeful collection of a student's work over time that shows effort, progress and achievement
- B A single end-of-term written test
- C The teacher's file of lesson plans
- D A set of chapter summaries copied from the textbook
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) A purposeful collection of a student's work over time that shows effort, progress and achievement
A portfolio collects samples of a learner's work (project reports, drawings, lab records, reflections) over a period, allowing assessment of growth and process rather than a single performance.
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Q.47
Which of the following best describes formative assessment in science?
- A It is conducted only at the end of the academic year
- B It is the same as the annual board examination
- C It is used only for assigning final grades
- D It is assessment for learning, carried out during instruction to give feedback and improve teaching
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) It is assessment for learning, carried out during instruction to give feedback and improve teaching
Formative assessment is ongoing and diagnostic, giving feedback to both learner and teacher while learning is in progress. Summative assessment, at the end of a unit or year, certifies achievement.
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Q.48
Over a warm sea, a developing cyclone keeps growing stronger. Which process mainly supplies it with energy?
- A Cold winds from the poles add energy to the storm as they mix with it
- B Heat released as water vapour condenses warms the air, which rises
- C Evaporation of raindrops near the ground warms the air at the surface
- D Lightning inside the clouds heats the sea and pushes the air upwards
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Heat released as water vapour condenses warms the air, which rises
When water vapour condenses into rain, it gives out the heat it took in while evaporating. This heat warms the air, which rises; the pressure falls further and more moist air rushes in, so the cycle builds a strong low-pressure system.
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Q.49
Consider the following statements:
1. The size of cells has no relation to the size of the organism; the cells of an elephant need not be bigger than those of a rat.
2. Some organisms, such as Amoeba and Paramecium, consist of a single cell that carries out all the functions of life.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. A large organism has more cells, not necessarily bigger ones, and a single-celled organism such as Amoeba or Paramecium takes in food, respires, excretes and reproduces within its one cell.
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Q.50
Rayon, which resembles silk and is called artificial silk, is obtained by the chemical treatment of:
- A Coal, water and air
- B Wood pulp
- C Silkworm cocoons
- D Petroleum gas
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Wood pulp
Rayon is made by chemical treatment of wood pulp, a natural source, so it is man-made but not fully synthetic. Nylon is the fibre that was prepared from coal, water and air.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.