Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Social Studies (SST) MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
756 practice questions on Social Studies and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Social Studies/Social Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.451
Assertion (A): In a criminal case, the prosecution is conducted on behalf of the State by a public prosecutor, not by the victim.
Reason (R): A criminal offence is regarded as a public wrong, committed not only against the victim but against society as a whole.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and R explains A: because a crime is treated as a wrong against society, the State takes up the prosecution through the public prosecutor. In a civil case, by contrast, the affected party itself files the petition.
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Q.452
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Patwari?
- A Keeping the land records of a group of villages up to date
- B Organising the collection of land revenue from farmers
- C Registering the FIR when a fight breaks out over land
- D Giving the government information about crops grown in the area
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Registering the FIR when a fight breaks out over land
The Patwari maintains land records, organises the collection of land revenue and reports on the crops grown in the area. Registering an FIR is the work of the police at the police station.
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Q.453
A Class 8 student completes every task quickly and keeps asking for more challenging work. The most appropriate step for the teacher is to:
- A Give the student many more questions of exactly the same kind as before
- B Ask the student to sit quietly until the others finish
- C Promote the student to the next class immediately
- D Offer enrichment, such as an independent local history enquiry
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Offer enrichment, such as an independent local history enquiry
Enrichment deepens learning through tasks that need higher-order thinking, such as independent enquiry, instead of simply giving more of the same work or making the child wait.
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Q.454
A teacher notices that in her class, girls and boys, and children from certain communities, always sit and work in separate groups. The best action for her is to:
- A Leave the seating as it is because the students have chosen it by themselves
- B Seat all the girls behind the boys to maintain classroom discipline
- C Keep the groups permanently separate to avoid any possible conflict
- D Form mixed groups for activities and discuss the value of working together
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Form mixed groups for activities and discuss the value of working together
Social science aims at equality and respect for diversity, and the classroom itself should model these values. Thoughtful mixed grouping, with discussion, reduces social distance instead of reinforcing it.
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Q.455
Many hymns of the Rigveda are addressed to Agni, Indra and Soma. Match them: A. Agni B. Indra C. Soma; 1. A plant from which a special drink was prepared 2. The god of fire 3. A warrior god
- A A-1, B-3, C-2
- B A-3, B-2, C-1
- C A-2, B-1, C-3
- D A-2, B-3, C-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-2, B-3, C-1
In the Rigveda, Agni is the god of fire, Indra a warrior god, and Soma a plant from which a special drink was prepared. The hymns were composed by sages (rishis) in old or Vedic Sanskrit.
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Q.456
Thulasi owns no land. She works on other people's fields for a daily wage, and she finds regular farm work only at a few times in the year. She is best described as:
- A An agricultural labourer
- B A small farmer
- C A large farmer
- D A trader
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) An agricultural labourer
Agricultural labourers own no land and earn by working on others' fields for wages, so in months without farm work many of them have to find other work or migrate. Small farmers cultivate their own small plots.
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Q.457
The Swadeshi movement, which urged people to use Indian goods and boycott British goods, began as a response to:
- A the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919
- B the passing of the Rowlatt Act
- C the partition of Bengal in 1905
- D the arrival of the Simon Commission
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) the partition of Bengal in 1905
In 1905 Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal, and the Swadeshi movement arose in opposition to it, encouraging Indian enterprises, national education and the boycott of British goods. The other events came later.
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Q.458
The Earth rotates through 360° in about 24 hours. When it is 12 noon at Greenwich (0°), what will be the local time at a place on 45° E longitude?
- A 9:00 a.m.
- B 12:45 p.m.
- C 3:00 a.m.
- D 3:00 p.m.
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) 3:00 p.m.
The Earth turns 15° in one hour, so 45° equals 3 hours. Places east of Greenwich are ahead of Greenwich time, so the local time is 3:00 p.m.; 9:00 a.m. would be the time at 45° W.
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Q.459
Muslims face towards Mecca when they offer namaz. In India, this direction, called the qibla, lies to the:
- A north
- B east
- C south
- D west
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) west
Mecca lies to the west of India, so the qibla is to the west, and mosques are built facing it. The Arabic word masjid literally means a place where a Muslim prostrates in reverence to Allah.
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Q.460
A soap advertisement shows that mothers who truly care for their children choose only this soap. By linking the product with such feelings, the advertisement is mainly trying to:
- A give scientific information about the soap's ingredients
- B explain how the price of the soap is fixed
- C warn consumers about harmful products
- D build brand values so that people want to buy it
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) build brand values so that people want to buy it
Advertisers attach personal emotions and values, such as a mother's care, to a brand so that people identify with it. Such brand values persuade people to buy a product even when they know little about its quality.
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Q.461
In rural areas, nurses and village health workers at village health centres work under the supervision of doctors at the:
- A Municipal hospital
- B Medical college
- C Primary Health Centre
- D Private nursing home
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Primary Health Centre
A Primary Health Centre covers many villages, and its doctors supervise the nurses and village health workers below it. At the district level, the District Hospital supervises all the health centres.
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Q.462
In a group project on the history of their town, a teacher wants to judge fairly how much each member contributed. The most suitable approach is to:
- A Give every member the same grade without checking who did what
- B Combine her own observation with peer and self-assessment of each member
- C Grade only the group leader, who represents the whole group
- D Assess only the final chart that the group puts on display in the classroom
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Combine her own observation with peer and self-assessment of each member
Group work needs individual accountability. The teacher's observation, supported by structured peer and self-assessment, gives a fairer picture of each learner's contribution than the final product alone.
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Q.463
Assertion (A): The Indian State can intervene in religion, for example by banning untouchability, even if some people defend it as a religious practice.
Reason (R): Indian secularism requires a strict separation of religion and the State, under which the State can never interfere in religious matters.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A is true, but R is false
A is true: the Indian State keeps a principled distance from religion and may intervene to end discrimination such as untouchability. R is false: a strict separation in which the State never interferes in religion describes the American model, not the Indian one.
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Q.464
Most Harappan cities had two parts, a citadel and a lower town. Dholavira, on Khadir Beyt in the Rann of Kutch, was different because it was divided into:
- A four parts arranged around a large Great Bath at the centre of the city
- B three parts, each surrounded by massive stone walls with gateways
- C two parts, with the citadel on the eastern side of the city
- D a single walled area with no internal divisions at all
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) three parts, each surrounded by massive stone walls with gateways
Dholavira was divided into three parts, each surrounded by massive stone walls with entrances through gateways, and it also had a large open area where public ceremonies could be held. The Great Bath is at Mohenjodaro.
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Q.465
The Banjaras were the most important trader-nomads of medieval India. Sultan Alauddin Khalji used them to carry grain to the city markets. Their caravan was called a:
- A khel
- B tanda
- C sangha
- D jatha
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) tanda
A Banjara caravan was called a tanda. Jahangir wrote in his memoirs that Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns, and they also transported food grain for the Mughal army during military campaigns.
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Q.466
A teacher says, 'My work is done once I have finished the textbook.' From the viewpoint of NCF 2005, this view is limited because:
- A Guidebooks give students a better summary of each chapter than the textbook does
- B The textbook is only one resource; the locality, elders and newspapers also teach
- C Only the examination pattern should decide what is taught in a class
- D The textbook contains errors and should be set aside by teachers
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The textbook is only one resource; the locality, elders and newspapers also teach
NCF 2005 asks teachers to treat the textbook as one of many resources and to draw on the local environment, people, newspapers and other material, so that learning is not limited to one book.
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Q.467
In a dry region with a high rate of evaporation, a farmer wants to water crops while losing as little water as possible. Which method is most suitable?
- A Flooding the whole field with canal water
- B Using unlined channels to carry water to the field
- C Growing crops that need standing water
- D Drip (trickle) irrigation or sprinklers
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Drip (trickle) irrigation or sprinklers
In dry regions with high evaporation, drip or trickle irrigation and sprinklers deliver water close to the plants and reduce losses. Flooding fields and unlined channels lose much water through evaporation and seepage.
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Q.468
A controversial social issue such as reservation comes up during a civics lesson. The most appropriate response of the teacher is to:
- A Avoid the topic completely because it may offend someone
- B State her own opinion as the correct answer
- C Let the students argue freely without any structure
- D Present multiple viewpoints with evidence and facilitate a reasoned, respectful discussion
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Present multiple viewpoints with evidence and facilitate a reasoned, respectful discussion
NCF 2005 says controversial issues should not be avoided; they are opportunities for developing critical thinking. The teacher acts as a facilitator who ensures balance, evidence and respect, without imposing a view.
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Q.469
Which of the following is NOT a component of the natural environment?
- A Lithosphere (land)
- B Hydrosphere (water)
- C Roads and bridges
- D Biosphere (living things)
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Roads and bridges
The natural environment consists of land, water, air and living things, which exist without human effort. Roads, bridges, buildings and industries are made by people and form the human-made environment.
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Q.470
The term 'Sangam' in 'Sangam literature', among the earliest works in Tamil, refers to:
- A the meeting point of the Kaveri river and the sea at the busy port of Puhar
- B a Buddhist monastery in which these poems were copied and preserved
- C the three ruling chiefly families of the ancient Tamil region
- D assemblies of poets in Madurai, where the poems are said to have been composed and compiled
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) assemblies of poets in Madurai, where the poems are said to have been composed and compiled
The texts are called Sangam because they were supposed to have been composed and compiled in assemblies (sangams) of poets held in the city of Madurai; historians regard these assemblies as traditional rather than firmly proven. The poems mention the muvendar, the three chiefs: the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas.
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Q.471
Match each example with the strategy the Indian State uses to maintain secularism:
A. Government schools and offices do not promote any one religion
B. Sikhs are exempted from wearing helmets because of the turban
C. Untouchability has been abolished by law
1. Intervention 2. Non-interference 3. Distance
- A A-2, B-3, C-1
- B A-3, B-2, C-1
- C A-1, B-2, C-3
- D A-3, B-1, C-2
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) A-3, B-2, C-1
The State keeps its distance from religion by not promoting any one religion in its own spaces; it shows non-interference by respecting practices such as the Sikh turban; and it intervenes to end discrimination such as untouchability.
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Q.472
Two regions have the same type of parent rock, but one has a hot, wet climate and the other a cold, dry one. Why are the soils formed in them likely to differ?
- A Temperature and rainfall affect how fast the rock weathers
- B Soil depends only on the parent rock, so they will not differ
- C Soils in cold regions are made only of sand
- D Soil in hot regions always forms within a few days
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Temperature and rainfall affect how fast the rock weathers
The nature of the parent rock and climate are the major factors of soil formation, with relief, organic matter and time also playing a part. With the same parent rock, the temperature and rainfall of a hot, wet climate speed up weathering, so the soils develop differently; everywhere, soil takes a very long time to form.
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Q.473
The Bhopal gas tragedy of December 1984 was caused by the leak of a poisonous gas, methyl isocyanate (MIC), from a pesticide factory owned by:
- A Union Carbide, an American company
- B A government-run fertiliser corporation
- C A Japanese automobile company
- D A cooperative of local farmers
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Union Carbide, an American company
The factory belonged to Union Carbide (UC), an American company, and was run by its Indian subsidiary, Union Carbide India Limited; the MIC leak killed thousands and left many more with lifelong health problems. The disaster shows how weak enforcement of safety laws endangers workers and people living nearby.
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Q.474
The word 'Adivasi' literally means:
- A original inhabitants
- B forest dwellers
- C people of the hills
- D wandering herders
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) original inhabitants
Adivasi literally means 'original inhabitants'; Adivasis are communities who have lived, and often continue to live, in close association with forests. In government documents they are called Scheduled Tribes.
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Q.475
Hakim Sheikh, a member of an agricultural labourers' organisation in West Bengal, was seriously injured after falling from a train and was turned away by several government hospitals. The Supreme Court held that failing to give him timely treatment violated his:
- A Right to freedom of religion
- B Right to life
- C Cultural and educational rights
- D Right against exploitation
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Right to life
The Court held that giving timely medical treatment is a basic duty of the government and that denying it violated the right to life under Article 21. The case shows that health care is part of the government's responsibility.
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Q.476
Which continent lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, is surrounded on all sides by oceans and seas, and is called an 'island continent'?
- A Antarctica
- B Australia
- C South America
- D Africa
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Australia
Australia, the smallest continent, lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and is surrounded by oceans and seas, hence 'island continent'. Antarctica is also wholly in the Southern Hemisphere, but it is the ice-covered landmass around the South Pole and is not given this name.
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Q.477
The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution are best described as:
- A rights that a citizen can directly enforce in any court, like the Fundamental Rights
- B duties that every citizen is bound by law to perform
- C rules that govern the conduct of elections
- D guidelines for the State to make laws and policies for social and economic reform
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) guidelines for the State to make laws and policies for social and economic reform
The Directive Principles were designed to guide the State in making laws and policies that bring social and economic reform and reduce poverty. Unlike Fundamental Rights, they cannot be enforced directly in a court.
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Q.478
On 22 December, the direct rays of the Sun fall on the Tropic of Capricorn and the Southern Hemisphere has its longest day. In the Northern Hemisphere, this position of the Earth is known as the:
- A summer solstice
- B winter solstice
- C spring equinox
- D autumn equinox
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) winter solstice
On 22 December the Northern Hemisphere has its shortest day and longest night, so this position is called the winter solstice there, while the Southern Hemisphere has summer. The equinoxes fall on 21 March and 23 September.
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Q.479
After a unit on local government, Class 6 students notice a broken handpump near their school, find out which body is responsible for it, and write a letter to the panchayat. This activity mainly develops:
- A Letter-writing skills that are needed only for the language examination paper
- B Active citizenship by applying classroom learning to a real local problem
- C Fear of approaching government officials with complaints
- D Memorisation of the list of functions of the panchayat
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Active citizenship by applying classroom learning to a real local problem
Applying knowledge of local government to an actual problem shows students how institutions work and how citizens can engage with them. NCF 2005 wants social science to prepare active, participating citizens.
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Q.480
Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the Earth's surface and are taken out by boring deep wells. This method of extraction is called:
- A drilling
- B quarrying
- C open-cast mining
- D shaft mining
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) drilling
Deep wells are bored to bring out petroleum and natural gas; this is drilling. Quarrying and open-cast mining remove minerals lying near the surface, and shaft mining reaches deep mineral deposits through vertical shafts.
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Q.481
A crop grows best with high temperature, light rainfall, about 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine, on black and alluvial soils. Which crop is it?
- A Jute
- B Tea
- C Cotton
- D Rice
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Cotton
These are the conditions that cotton needs. Jute and rice need high rainfall, and tea needs a cool climate with high rainfall well distributed through the year.
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Q.482
A map has a scale of 1:50,000. This means that:
- A 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 km on the ground
- B The map is 50,000 times larger than the actual area
- C 1 km on the ground is shown as 50,000 cm on the map
- D 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm, that is 500 m, on the ground
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm, that is 500 m, on the ground
A representative fraction of 1:50,000 means one unit on the map equals 50,000 of the same units on the ground; 50,000 cm is 500 m. Maps are always reductions of the real area, never enlargements.
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Q.483
Article 15 of the Constitution prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on certain grounds. Which of the following is NOT one of the grounds named in Article 15?
- A Religion
- B Language
- C Place of birth
- D Caste
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Language
Article 15 names religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth. Language is not listed in it; linguistic minorities are protected by other provisions, such as the cultural and educational rights.
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Q.484
In the rock cycle, how does an igneous rock usually become a sedimentary rock?
- A It melts completely under great heat and then cools quickly on the surface
- B It is changed by great heat and pressure deep inside the Earth without melting
- C It is pushed up by folding to form high mountains
- D It breaks into fragments that are carried, deposited in layers and compressed
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) It breaks into fragments that are carried, deposited in layers and compressed
Weathering and erosion break rocks into small fragments, which are transported, deposited in layers and compressed and hardened into sedimentary rock. Change by heat and pressure without melting gives metamorphic rock, and melting followed by cooling gives igneous rock again.
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Q.485
Consider the following statements about advertising and democracy:
1. Advertising is costly, so small businesses with good products may be unable to reach buyers through it.
2. Advertisements often show the lifestyles of the well-off, which can make people who cannot afford the product feel inadequate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A 1 only
- B 2 only
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Both 1 and 2
Both are correct. Because advertising is expensive it favours large companies over small producers, and by linking products with the lives of the rich it can make poorer people feel left out. These are questions of equality in a democracy.
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Q.486
Jhum cultivation, practised by many tribal groups in the hills and forests of north-east and central India, refers to:
- A growing crops on irrigated terraces cut into the hillsides
- B growing a single cash crop on large plantations owned by European planters
- C shifting cultivation on forest patches cleared by cutting and burning
- D growing crops on land rented from the zamindars of the plains
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) shifting cultivation on forest patches cleared by cutting and burning
In jhum (shifting) cultivation, trees were cut and the vegetation burnt, the ash fertilised the soil, and after a harvest or two the field was left fallow so that forest could grow back. The British disliked it because it made settling the land and collecting revenue difficult.
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Q.487
Match the reform organisations with their descriptions: A. Prarthana Samaj B. Veda Samaj C. Arya Samaj D. Young Bengal Movement; 1. Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati 2. Inspired by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, a teacher at Hindu College, Calcutta 3. Established in Bombay to remove caste restrictions and abolish child marriage 4. Established in Madras, inspired by the Brahmo Samaj
- A A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
- B A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
- C A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
- D A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
The Prarthana Samaj of Bombay and the Veda Samaj of Madras worked against caste distinctions and for women's education and widow remarriage; the Arya Samaj was founded by Dayanand Saraswati; and Derozio's students at Hindu College formed the Young Bengal Movement, which questioned tradition and custom.
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Q.488
The incoming solar energy intercepted by the Earth, which is the main source of heat on its surface, is called:
- A condensation
- B insolation
- C humidity
- D air pressure
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) insolation
Insolation is the incoming solar energy received by the Earth; it decreases from the Equator towards the poles, which is why temperatures fall in that direction. Humidity is the moisture in the air, and condensation is the change of water vapour into droplets.
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Q.489
Pandita Ramabai, a great scholar of Sanskrit who felt that Hinduism was oppressive towards women, is remembered for founding:
- A a widows' home at Poona where women were trained to support themselves
- B the Satyashodhak Samaj, which worked for caste equality in Maharashtra
- C a temple-entry movement for Dalit women in the city of Bombay
- D the Arya Samaj, which later spread widely across Punjab
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) a widows' home at Poona where women were trained to support themselves
Pandita Ramabai wrote about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women and founded a widows' home, the Sharada Sadan (opened in Bombay in 1889 and moved to Poona in 1890), where widows treated badly by their husbands' relatives found shelter and were trained to earn a living. The Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotirao Phule.
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Q.490
Uranium deposits found in Ladakh are not being used at present but could be used in the future. Such resources are called:
- A actual resources
- B potential resources
- C human-made resources
- D ubiquitous resources
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) potential resources
Potential resources are those whose entire quantity may not be known and which are not being used at present, often because technology is not yet advanced enough; uranium in Ladakh is a standard example. Actual resources are those whose quantity is known and which are being used now.
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Q.491
Around 21 June, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, what do places beyond the Arctic Circle experience?
- A Continuous daylight, with the Sun not setting
- B Continuous darkness, with the Sun not rising
- C Exactly 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night
- D The Sun directly overhead at noon
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Continuous daylight, with the Sun not setting
With the Northern Hemisphere tilted towards the Sun, the region beyond the Arctic Circle stays in the lit half throughout the Earth's rotation, so it has continuous daylight; near the North Pole this lasts for about six months. At the same time, places beyond the Antarctic Circle have continuous darkness.
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Q.492
Harappan farmers grew a variety of crops. Which of the following could NOT have been grown by them?
- A Maize
- B Barley
- C Sesame
- D Linseed
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Maize
The Harappans grew wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice, sesame, linseed and mustard. Maize (corn), like potatoes and chillies, reached the subcontinent from the Americas many centuries later.
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Q.493
In 1873 Jyotirao Phule wrote a book named Gulamgiri, meaning slavery. To whom did he dedicate it?
- A The sepoys who had died in the revolt of 1857
- B The founders of the Brahmo Samaj in Calcutta
- C All the Americans who had fought to free slaves
- D The women teachers of the first girls' schools in Poona
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) All the Americans who had fought to free slaves
Phule dedicated Gulamgiri to all those Americans who had fought to free slaves, linking the condition of the 'lower' castes in India with that of black slaves in America. He argued that 'upper'-caste claims to superiority rested on the conquest of the true children of the land by Aryan outsiders.
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Q.494
Satyakama Jabala, one of the best-known thinkers of the Upanishadic period, is remembered in the texts because:
- A he was a powerful king who gave up his throne and kingdom to become a monk
- B he composed most of the hymns of the Rigveda in Vedic Sanskrit
- C he was the teacher who guided Vardhamana Mahavira to enlightenment
- D a brahmin teacher accepted him as a student though his mother was a slave
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) a brahmin teacher accepted him as a student though his mother was a slave
Satyakama, named after his mother, the slave woman Jabali, had a deep desire to learn about reality, and a brahmin teacher named Gautama accepted him as a student. Most Upanishadic thinkers were men, especially brahmins and rajas, which makes his story notable.
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Q.495
For one month, Class 7 students record the daily temperature, rainfall and sky conditions at their school, and then look for patterns. This activity mainly develops:
- A The ability to forecast the weather accurately for the whole country for a week
- B Skills of systematic observation, recording and generalising from data
- C Memory of the textbook definitions of weather and climate
- D The skill of drawing political maps of the state and district
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Skills of systematic observation, recording and generalising from data
Keeping first-hand records and looking for patterns is empirical enquiry: students build an understanding of weather from their own evidence before moving to wider generalisations about climate.
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Q.496
Over the years, many Adivasis have lost their land and forests to mines, dams, industries and wildlife parks, and many have moved to cities where they find only low-paid work. This mainly shows that:
- A Adivasis have come to prefer city life and jobs to their traditional ways of living in forests
- B the loss of land and forests has improved their incomes
- C loss of land and forests has cost them their livelihoods and marginalised them further
- D development projects have had no effect on Adivasi communities
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) loss of land and forests has cost them their livelihoods and marginalised them further
Forests and land were central to Adivasi livelihoods. When these were taken for development projects, many Adivasis were displaced, lost their sources of food and income and moved into poorly paid work, which made them more marginalised.
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Q.497
Consider the following statements:
1. The Supreme Court of India was set up under the Constitution in January 1950.
2. The decisions of a High Court are binding on the Supreme Court.
Which of these is/are correct?
- A Statement 1 only
- B Statement 2 only
- C Both statements
- D Neither statement
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Statement 1 only
The Supreme Court came into existence on 26 January 1950, when the Constitution came into force and India became a Republic (the date NCERT gives); it was formally inaugurated and held its first sitting on 28 January 1950. As the highest court in the country, its decisions are binding on all other courts, including the High Courts, and not the other way round.
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Q.498
Assertion (A): Punishing children for wrong answers improves their learning in social science. Reason (R): Fear and anxiety hamper children's thinking and their willingness to express their views.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A is false, but R is true
A is false: punishment discourages participation, and the RTE Act, 2009 prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment of children. R is true: a classroom free of fear lets children think and speak freely.
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Q.499
Many Harappan cities had covered drains, laid out in straight lines with a gentle slope, and house drains joined the street drains. Why were inspection holes provided at intervals along them?
- A To let rainwater from the rooftops flow straight into the drains
- B To collect drinking water for the houses along the street
- C To let air in so that the baked bricks would not crack
- D As the drains were covered, the holes let them be cleaned
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Correct answer: (D) As the drains were covered, the holes let them be cleaned
As the drains were covered, inspection holes were left at intervals so that they could be cleaned. Such careful planning of drains, with smaller drains leading into bigger ones, is a striking feature of Harappan town planning.
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Q.500
If the Earth did not rotate on its axis, which of the following would happen?
- A There would be no seasons on the Earth
- B Day and night would be of equal length everywhere
- C The Earth would stop revolving around the Sun and leave its orbit
- D One half would stay hot and lit for very long periods, the other dark and freezing
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) One half would stay hot and lit for very long periods, the other dark and freezing
Rotation brings each place into and out of sunlight, causing day and night; without it, day and night would no longer alternate every 24 hours, and one side would stay lit and very hot for very long periods while the other stayed dark and freezing, conditions in which life would be very difficult. Seasons are caused by revolution with a tilted axis, not by rotation.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.