Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Social Studies (SST) MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
756 practice questions on Social Studies and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Social Studies/Social Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.651
A new municipal law bans street vendors from large parts of a city, and many vendors feel it is unfair to them. In a democracy, which of the following is the appropriate way for them to respond?
- A Ignore the law altogether, since laws in a democracy bind only government officials
- B Wait for the next census to get the law changed
- C Protest peacefully, use the media and, if it is unconstitutional, go to court
- D Ask the Governor to cancel the law by an order
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Protest peacefully, use the media and, if it is unconstitutional, go to court
When people feel a law is unfair, they can criticise it, hold public meetings, campaign through the media and approach the courts. Courts can modify or cancel a law that does not adhere to the Constitution.
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Q.652
Class 8 students are drafting a questionnaire for a survey on how their Gram Panchayat works. Which question should the teacher advise them to rewrite?
- A How often do you attend Gram Sabha meetings?
- B Don't you agree that the Panchayat has done nothing for the village?
- C Which problems of the village has the Panchayat taken up during this year?
- D What should the Panchayat take up next, in your view?
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Don't you agree that the Panchayat has done nothing for the village?
This is a leading question: it suggests the answer the asker expects and so biases the responses. Survey questions should be neutral so that people can give their own views.
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Q.653
Before a discussion on discrimination, a teacher agrees on ground rules with the class: listen without interrupting, criticise ideas and not people, and give reasons for views. The main purpose of these rules is to:
- A Create a safe, respectful space where different views can be voiced and examined
- B Prevent students from disagreeing with each other during the discussion
- C Make sure that the teacher's own view is accepted by everyone by the end of the period
- D Finish the discussion quickly so that the syllabus is not delayed
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Create a safe, respectful space where different views can be voiced and examined
Discussions of sensitive social issues need trust. Agreed norms let students, including those from marginalised groups, speak without fear while still allowing disagreement backed by reasons.
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Q.654
Assertion (A): Mumbai has a more moderate climate than Delhi, with smaller differences between summer and winter temperatures.
Reason (R): Mumbai is located at a much higher altitude than Delhi.
Choose the correct option.
- A A and R are both correct, and R explains A
- B A and R are both correct, but R does not explain A
- C A is correct, but R is wrong
- D A is wrong, but R is correct
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A is correct, but R is wrong
Mumbai's climate is moderate because it lies on the coast, where the sea keeps summers and winters from becoming extreme; Delhi, far inland, has very hot summers and cold winters. Mumbai is in fact at a lower altitude than Delhi, so R is wrong.
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Q.655
The way land is used in a region depends on physical factors and human factors. Which of the following pairs consists of HUMAN factors?
- A Topography and soil
- B Climate and availability of water
- C Population and technology
- D Minerals and soil
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Population and technology
Physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and water decide what land can be used for, while human factors such as population and technology decide how people actually use it.
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Q.656
Class 7 is planning a visit to a historical fort, and one student uses a wheelchair. The most appropriate action is to:
- A Check access in advance and plan so that he can take part fully
- B Leave him behind in school with a worksheet
- C Cancel all field visits for the year
- D Leave it to his parents to decide whether he should go on the trip
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Check access in advance and plan so that he can take part fully
Inclusive education means planning activities so that every child takes part: checking ramps and paths, arranging help, or choosing an accessible site. Excluding the child or cancelling the visit for everyone is not inclusion.
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Q.657
Population figures from the Census of India used in a geography class are an example of:
- A Primary data collected by the students themselves
- B Oral history
- C An archaeological source
- D Secondary data collected by a government agency once every ten years
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Secondary data collected by a government agency once every ten years
The Census is a decennial enumeration conducted by the Office of the Registrar General of India. For classroom users it is secondary data; primary data would be what students collect themselves through surveys.
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Q.658
Match the strategies of the women's movement with examples:
A. Campaigning B. Raising awareness C. Protesting D. Showing solidarity
1. Street plays, songs and public meetings on women's issues
2. Pressing for a new law against domestic violence
3. Rallies and demonstrations against a law or policy that harms women
4. Standing together with women and their causes elsewhere
- A A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
- B A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
- C A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
- D A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
Campaigns have led to laws such as the 2005 Act against domestic violence; awareness is raised through street plays, songs and public meetings; protests take the form of rallies and demonstrations; and solidarity means standing with other women and causes, as on International Women's Day (8 March).
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Q.659
Along with the class-wise learning outcomes for each subject, NCERT's document Learning Outcomes at the Elementary Stage (2017) also provides:
- A Suggested pedagogical processes to help children achieve them
- B A fixed timetable for teaching each chapter
- C Model answers for every textbook question
- D Minimum cut-off marks for a child's promotion to the next class
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Suggested pedagogical processes to help children achieve them
The document pairs the learning outcomes with suggested pedagogical processes, indicating the kinds of learning experiences through which children can achieve the outcomes.
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Q.660
Under the 74th Constitutional Amendment, 1992, a Nagar Panchayat is constituted for:
- A An area in transition from a rural area to an urban area
- B A large metropolitan city such as a state capital
- C A group of villages that together form a development block
- D A district that has no Municipal Council
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) An area in transition from a rural area to an urban area
The 74th Amendment provides for three kinds of urban local bodies: a Nagar Panchayat for a transitional area (changing from rural to urban), a Municipal Council for a smaller urban area and a Municipal Corporation for a larger urban area. Block-level bodies belong to Panchayati Raj.
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Q.661
In the Company's administration, who was the principal figure in an Indian district, whose main job was to collect revenue and taxes and to maintain law and order with the help of judges, police officers and darogas?
- A The Resident
- B The Collector
- C The Diwan
- D The Peshwa
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The Collector
As the title suggests, the Collector's main job was to collect revenue and taxes and keep law and order in the district. Residents were Company agents posted in Indian states to further the Company's interests, not district officers.
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Q.662
Laxmi Lakra, who comes from a poor Adivasi family in Jharkhand, is known for becoming the:
- A first woman to fly a fighter aircraft for the Indian Air Force
- B first woman judge of a High Court
- C first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest
- D first woman engine driver of the Northern Railways
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) first woman engine driver of the Northern Railways
Laxmi Lakra became the first woman engine driver of the Northern Railways, a job long seen as one for men. Her story shows how women are breaking stereotypes about the work they can do.
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Q.663
In Subhash Kumar vs State of Bihar (1991), the Supreme Court held that the right to life under Article 21 includes the right to:
- A enjoy pollution-free water and air
- B own any amount of agricultural land
- C a government job for every citizen
- D free treatment in private hospitals
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) enjoy pollution-free water and air
The Court held that the right to life includes the right to enjoy pollution-free water and air. Such judgments treat a clean environment as a public good that the government must protect.
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Q.664
Universal adult franchise, adopted in India from the very first general elections, means that:
- A Only adults who own land or pay income tax are entitled to vote in elections
- B Only literate adults can vote
- C Voting is compulsory for every adult in every election
- D All adult citizens can vote regardless of caste, religion, sex or wealth
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) All adult citizens can vote regardless of caste, religion, sex or wealth
Universal adult franchise gives every adult citizen (now 18 years and above) one vote of equal value, with no condition of property, education, caste, religion or sex. It does not make voting compulsory.
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Q.665
Assertion (A): The Prime Minister of India is directly elected by all the voters of the country.
Reason (R): The Prime Minister is the leader of the party or coalition that has a majority in the Lok Sabha.
- A Both A and R are true; R explains A
- B Both A and R are true; R does not explain A
- C A is true; R is false
- D A is false; R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A is false; R is true
Voters elect MPs, not the Prime Minister. The leader of the ruling party or coalition in the Lok Sabha becomes Prime Minister and selects the ministers, so A is false while R is true.
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Q.666
A Class 6 student asks, 'Why should we study history? Those people are long dead.' The most suitable response of the teacher is to:
- A Tell the student that history is compulsory and carries marks in the examination
- B Ask the student to copy the chapter twice so that he learns to respect the subject more
- C Help students trace how roads, languages and laws around them have roots in the past
- D Agree that history is less useful and spend more time on geography instead
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Help students trace how roads, languages and laws around them have roots in the past
Showing how the present has grown out of the past makes history meaningful to children. Pointing to marks or punishment gives no real reason to learn and only confirms the view that the subject is useless.
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Q.667
After 1857, Indian ruling chiefs were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons. This reversed which earlier Company policy?
- A The subsidiary alliance
- B The doctrine of lapse
- C The policy of paramountcy
- D The Permanent Settlement
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The doctrine of lapse
Under Dalhousie's doctrine of lapse, a kingdom whose ruler died without a male heir became part of Company territory, and an adopted son could not inherit it. After 1857 adopted heirs were accepted, but rulers had to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount, so paramountcy was not given up.
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Q.668
Class 7 students record how much time each member of their family spends on household work in a week and discuss the results in class. This activity mainly helps them understand that:
- A Families should try to reduce the number of their members
- B Women's unpaid domestic work is often invisible and undervalued
- C The daily wages of labourers are calculated on an hourly basis
- D Household work is not real work because it earns no money
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Women's unpaid domestic work is often invisible and undervalued
Collecting data from their own homes lets students see how much work, often done by women and girls, goes unpaid and unrecognised. This links to the NCERT Class 7 discussion of housework and gender equality.
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Q.669
Which two changes in agriculture around the time of the mahajanapadas helped to increase crop production?
- A Growing use of iron ploughshares and transplantation of paddy
- B Tube-well irrigation and the use of chemical fertilisers in the fields
- C Terrace farming and the use of tractors
- D Shifting cultivation and the slash-and-burn method
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Growing use of iron ploughshares and transplantation of paddy
Iron ploughshares could turn heavy, clayey soil better than wooden ones, and transplanting paddy saplings instead of scattering seeds gave much larger harvests. Transplanting needed far more work, which was generally done by dasas, dasis and kammakaras.
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Q.670
Woad, a plant of the temperate zones, was easily available in Europe, yet European cloth dyers preferred indigo from India. Why?
- A Indigo gave a rich blue, while woad's dye was pale and dull
- B Woad could be grown only in tropical lands that lay far away from Europe
- C British law exempted Indian indigo from all import duties in Europe
- D Woad was poisonous to dyers, and its use was banned across Europe
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Indigo gave a rich blue, while woad's dye was pale and dull
The dye from woad was pale and dull, whereas indigo produced a rich blue colour, so European cloth manufacturers preferred indigo. Woad grew in temperate Europe, which is why its producers saw indigo as a threat.
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Q.671
According to the NCF 2005 Position Paper on Teaching of Social Sciences, gender concerns in social science should be addressed by:
- A Adding one separate chapter on famous women at the end of every social science textbook
- B Discussing gender only in the political life part of the syllabus
- C Postponing all questions of gender to the higher secondary stage
- D Making women's perspectives integral to the discussion of every event and issue
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Making women's perspectives integral to the discussion of every event and issue
The paper asks that the perspective of women be made integral to the discussion of any historical event and contemporary concern. A separate 'famous women' chapter keeps women at the margins of the main story.
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Q.672
In August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement. What was his call to the people?
- A Do or die
- B Freedom is my birthright
- C Simon Go Back
- D Inquilab Zindabad
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Do or die
Gandhiji asked the British to quit India and told the people to 'do or die' in their fight against the British, though the fight was to be non-violent. 'Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!' was Bal Gangadhar Tilak's declaration.
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Q.673
Local time at places to the east of Greenwich is ahead of Greenwich time. Which of the following explains this?
- A The Earth rotates from west to east, so places to the east see the Sun earlier
- B The Earth rotates from east to west, so places to the east see the Sun later
- C Places to the east of Greenwich are nearer to the Sun throughout the year
- D Places to the east of Greenwich all lie in the Southern Hemisphere
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) The Earth rotates from west to east, so places to the east see the Sun earlier
Because the Earth spins from west to east, the Sun rises and reaches its highest point earlier at places farther east, so their clocks are ahead. Distance from the Sun and the hemisphere do not decide local time.
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Q.674
Assertion (A): The mass media need a great deal of money to do their work.
Reason (R): The technology that the mass media use is expensive and keeps changing.
- A Both A and R are true; R explains A
- B Both A and R are true; R does not explain A
- C A is true; R is false
- D A is false; R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true; R explains A
Television, radio, newspapers and the internet depend on costly technology that has to be updated often, so media houses need large sums of money. This is one reason why much of the media is owned by or linked to big business.
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Q.675
While groups discuss why some parts of India receive more rainfall than others, the teacher's best role is to:
- A Correct notebooks at her desk until they finish
- B Give each group the correct answer at the start
- C Move among the groups, listen and ask guiding questions
- D Let the best student in each group do all the talking
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Move among the groups, listen and ask guiding questions
As a facilitator, the teacher monitors the groups, asks questions that push thinking further and helps students reach their own conclusions, rather than supplying answers or withdrawing.
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Q.676
In the 1980s, women's groups across India held street demonstrations against 'dowry deaths' and the failure to bring the guilty to justice. What was one result of this campaign?
- A Laws relating to dowry were changed to punish families who demand dowry
- B Women in India got the right to vote for the first time
- C The midday meal scheme was started in all states
- D The right to property was removed from the list of the Fundamental Rights
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Laws relating to dowry were changed to punish families who demand dowry
Women's groups protested against dowry deaths, the issue became a matter of public debate, and the dowry laws were changed to punish families seeking dowry. It shows how protest and awareness campaigns can lead to changes in law.
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Q.677
Which of the following gives the correct chronological order of these dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate?
- A Khalji, Tughluq, Lodi, Sayyid
- B Tughluq, Khalji, Sayyid, Lodi
- C Khalji, Tughluq, Sayyid, Lodi
- D Sayyid, Khalji, Tughluq, Lodi
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Khalji, Tughluq, Sayyid, Lodi
After the early Turkish rulers (1206-1290) came the Khaljis (1290-1320), the Tughluqs (1320-1414), the Sayyids (1414-1451) and the Lodis (1451-1526). Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526.
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Q.678
Match the teaching method with its example. A. Simulation; B. Field survey; C. Case study; D. Source analysis. 1. Holding a mock gram sabha meeting in class; 2. Counting vehicles at a busy crossing to study traffic; 3. Reading an extract from a traveller's account; 4. Examining one farming family's year in detail.
- A A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
- B A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
- C A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
- D A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
A simulation re-creates a real process (a mock gram sabha), a field survey collects first-hand data, a case study examines one example in depth, and source analysis interprets evidence such as a traveller's account.
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Q.679
Match each law or provision with the group it mainly protects:
A. Law on minimum wages
B. Ban on employing children below 14 in factories and mines
C. Consumer protection laws
D. Environmental laws
1. Workers 2. Children 3. Buyers of goods and services 4. People's right to clean air and water
- A A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
- B A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
- C A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
- D A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Minimum wage laws protect workers from underpayment; Article 24 and child labour laws bar children below 14 from factories, mines and hazardous work; consumer protection laws protect buyers from unfair practices; and environmental laws protect everyone's right to clean air and water.
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Q.680
Consider these statements about the RTE Act, 2009 as amended in 2019. 1. No child can be required to pass a Board examination till the completion of elementary education. 2. A child may be expelled from school for failing the Class 8 examination twice. Which is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Only 1
Section 30(1) still bars Board examinations till the completion of elementary education, and Section 16 now states that no child shall be expelled from school till then. Holding a child back after a failed re-examination is allowed only if the appropriate Government so decides; expulsion is not allowed.
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Q.681
On the basis of raw materials, an industry that produces processed seafood and fish oil is classified as:
- A agro-based
- B mineral-based
- C marine-based
- D forest-based
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) marine-based
Marine-based industries use products from the sea and oceans, such as fish for processed seafood and fish oil. Agro-based industries use plant and animal products from farms, mineral-based industries use mineral ores, and forest-based industries use timber and other forest products.
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Q.682
Which of the following is a PRIMARY source for studying the history of the Mauryan period?
- A A Class 7 textbook chapter on the Mauryas
- B An Ashokan rock edict
- C A television documentary on ancient India made in 2010
- D An encyclopaedia entry on Chandragupta Maurya
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) An Ashokan rock edict
A primary source originates from the period being studied itself, such as inscriptions, coins, monuments or contemporary writings. Textbooks, documentaries and encyclopaedias are secondary sources that interpret primary evidence.
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Q.683
A Class 6 student believes that lines of latitude and longitude are actually painted or marked on the Earth's surface. The most appropriate response of the teacher is to:
- A Mark the answer wrong and move on quickly to the next topic in the book
- B Ask the student to learn the textbook definition of latitude by heart
- C Use it as a starting point to show these are imaginary lines for locating places
- D Ignore the idea since questions on it are unlikely to be asked in the examination
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Use it as a starting point to show these are imaginary lines for locating places
Children's misconceptions show how they are thinking. Constructivist teaching uses them as a starting point and helps the learner restructure the idea through discussion and activity, rather than simply marking it wrong.
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Q.684
Class 8 students role-play an indigo cultivator, a European indigo planter and a village headman in Bengal in the 1850s, each explaining his situation. The main learning this role play aims at is:
- A Memorising the exact dates and places of the indigo rebellion for the unit test
- B Historical empathy: understanding people of the past from their own situation
- C Improving acting skills for the school's annual function
- D Deciding which single group was to blame for all the problems
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Historical empathy: understanding people of the past from their own situation
Role play asks students to see events through the eyes of people in the past and understand the pressures on their choices. Such historical empathy deepens understanding of conflicts like the indigo rebellion far more than recall of dates.
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Q.685
A student argues that freedom of speech means a person may say anything at all about anyone. The teacher should help the class see that:
- A Freedom of speech is not one of the Fundamental Rights in India at all
- B Rights can be used only inside courts of law
- C Only adults have any rights under the Constitution
- D Rights have reasonable limits so they do not harm others' rights
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Rights have reasonable limits so they do not harm others' rights
The Constitution allows reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech, for example to protect public order or another person's reputation; each person's rights exist alongside the rights of others.
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Q.686
Students compare an old photograph of their town's weekly market with the market today and list what has changed and what has remained the same. They are learning the historical concept of:
- A Latitude and longitude
- B Change and continuity over time
- C Separation of powers
- D Demand and supply
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Change and continuity over time
Historians study not only what changes but also what persists. Comparing the same place across time, using evidence from their own surroundings, helps learners see both.
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Q.687
The Sun is about 150 million km from the Earth, and light travels at about 300,000 km per second. About how long does sunlight take to reach the Earth?
- A About 8 seconds
- B About 80 minutes
- C About 8 hours
- D About 8 minutes
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) About 8 minutes
150,000,000 ÷ 300,000 = 500 seconds, which is a little over 8 minutes. So the sunlight we see left the Sun about 8 minutes earlier.
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Q.688
After learning about Indian weavers under colonial rule, students write a letter in the voice of a weaver to a relative, describing the changes in his life. This activity mainly:
- A Tests students' memory of dates
- B Combines language skills with historical understanding
- C Is suitable only for language periods
- D Checks students' handwriting and spelling only
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Combines language skills with historical understanding
Writing in role requires students to use what they know about the period and express it in their own words, integrating language with history and building a personal connection with the past.
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Q.689
A government advertisement urges parents to give polio drops to all children below five years of age. Such an advertisement is an example of:
- A Brand building
- B Consumer culture
- C Censorship
- D Social advertising
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Social advertising
Social advertisements are made by the State or private agencies to give a message for the larger society, such as on polio drops, road safety or against dowry. They do not sell a product or build a brand.
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Q.690
Samudragupta's prashasti, inscribed on an Ashokan pillar at Allahabad (Prayaga), was composed in Sanskrit by his court poet:
- A Harishena
- B Banabhatta
- C Ravikirti
- D Kalidasa
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Harishena
Harishena composed the Prayaga prashasti, a long Sanskrit poem praising Samudragupta as a great warrior and king who was also learned and the best of poets. Banabhatta was Harsha's court poet, and Ravikirti composed the prashasti of Pulakeshin II.
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Q.691
Before the Bhopal gas tragedy (1984), India had a few environmental laws, such as the Water Act (1974) and the Air Act (1981), but they were hardly enforced, and the environment was largely treated as a 'free' entity. This meant that:
- A Every citizen had a Fundamental Right to clean air written into the Constitution
- B Industries could pollute air and water without much restriction or cost
- C Polluting industries had to pay the full cost of cleaning up
- D Only villages, not cities, had environmental laws
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Industries could pollute air and water without much restriction or cost
Laws such as the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 existed, but enforcement was weak, so treating the environment as 'free' meant that industries could pollute the air and water with few real controls and did not have to pay for cleaning up. After Bhopal, new environmental laws such as the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 were made and the courts held that a clean environment is part of the right to life, making polluters answerable.
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Q.692
Since a decision of the International Astronomical Union in 2006, which of the following is NOT counted among the planets of the solar system?
- A Mercury
- B Neptune
- C Pluto
- D Uranus
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Pluto
In 2006 the International Astronomical Union decided that Pluto, like some other recently discovered objects, would be called a dwarf planet, leaving eight planets. Mercury, Uranus and Neptune remain planets.
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Q.693
Assertion (A): Foreign companies set up factories in countries like India mainly because safety and environmental rules there are enforced more strictly than in their home countries.
Reason (R): Cheaper labour and weaker enforcement of safety rules can lower a company's costs.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A is false, but R is true
A is false: companies are attracted by cheaper labour and lower spending on safety, as at the Bhopal plant, where safety measures were neglected; strict enforcement would raise, not lower, their costs. R is true, and it actually explains the opposite of A.
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Q.694
Before setting a unit test in social science, a teacher prepares a chart showing how many marks will go to each sub-topic, to each objective (knowledge, understanding, application, skill) and to each type of question. This chart is called:
- A An anecdotal record
- B A cumulative record
- C A blueprint
- D A rating scale
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A blueprint
A blueprint, or table of specifications, plans the weightage given to content areas, learning objectives and forms of questions, so that the test is balanced and does not end up testing only the recall of a few topics.
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Q.695
Students are given an extract from a speech by Mahatma Gandhi and asked, 'What is the speaker demanding, and what reasons does he give?' This source-based question mainly assesses the ability to:
- A Interpret and analyse historical evidence
- B Write in neat handwriting
- C Recall the date of the speech
- D Use correct grammar
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Interpret and analyse historical evidence
Source-based questions ask learners to read, interpret and draw inferences from evidence, a higher-order historical skill that NCF 2005 prefers to recall of dates and names.
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Q.696
In an open-book test on the Indian Constitution, Class 8 students may consult their textbooks. Well-designed questions in such a test mainly assess the ability to:
- A Memorise the exact wording of constitutional Articles
- B Write quickly and neatly under strict time pressure
- C Locate, apply and analyse information rather than recall it
- D Copy answers directly from the relevant textbook page
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Locate, apply and analyse information rather than recall it
Since the information is available, open-book questions must ask students to interpret, apply and argue. This shifts assessment from memory to understanding.
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Q.697
A newspaper report on a dispute between a factory and nearby residents presents the facts and the views of the factory owners, the workers and the residents, leaving readers to make up their own minds. Such a report is called a:
- A Sponsored report
- B Censored report
- C Balanced report
- D Social advertisement
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Balanced report
A balanced report discusses all points of view on a story and then lets readers decide. A report that gives only one side, for example because of business interests, is not balanced.
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Q.698
After asking, 'Why do you think early villages grew up near rivers?', a teacher waits for several seconds before calling on anyone. The main benefit of this 'wait time' is that it:
- A Allows the teacher to finish writing the next topic and key words on the blackboard
- B Ensures that only the brightest student in the class gets to answer
- C Reduces the number of students who try to answer the question
- D Gives more students time to think, leading to fuller and better-reasoned answers
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Gives more students time to think, leading to fuller and better-reasoned answers
Pausing after a thinking question increases the number, length and quality of student responses, especially from hesitant learners. Calling on the first raised hand rewards only the quickest students.
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Q.699
Which of the following was NOT a reason why Magadha became the most powerful mahajanapada?
- A It was the only mahajanapada ruled by an assembly instead of a king
- B The Ganga and the Son flowed through it, helping transport, water supply and fertile land
- C Its forests had elephants that could be captured and trained for the army
- D Iron ore mines in the region provided material for strong tools and weapons
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Correct answer: (A) It was the only mahajanapada ruled by an assembly instead of a king
Rivers, forests with elephants and timber, iron ore mines and ambitious rulers such as Bimbisara, Ajatasattu and Mahapadma Nanda helped Magadha grow. Magadha was ruled by kings; it was ganas or sanghas such as the Vajji that were run by assemblies.
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Q.700
Consider the following statements about the Earth:
1. It is the third nearest planet to the Sun.
2. It is the largest planet of the solar system.
3. Its shape is described as a geoid.
Which of these are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 1 and 3 only
- C 2 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
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Correct answer: (B) 1 and 3 only
The Earth is the third nearest planet to the Sun and, being slightly flattened at the poles, its shape is called a geoid (an earth-like shape). It is only the fifth largest planet; Jupiter is the largest.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.