Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Social Studies (SST) MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
756 practice questions on Social Studies and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Social Studies/Social Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.251
NEP 2020 proposes a national assessment centre to set norms, standards and guidelines for student assessment. It is named:
- A NISHTHA
- B DIKSHA
- C PARAKH
- D SWAYAM
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) PARAKH
PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) is the standard-setting body for assessment proposed in NEP 2020. NISHTHA is a teacher-training programme, DIKSHA a digital learning platform and SWAYAM an online course platform.
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Q.252
A Class 6 teacher uses stories and short biographies while teaching about early cities and kingdoms. The main justification for this is that stories and biographies:
- A Make the abstract and distant past concrete, human and engaging for young learners
- B Are a waste of time compared with the textbook
- C Can replace the need for evidence and sources
- D Are suitable only for the primary classes
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Make the abstract and distant past concrete, human and engaging for young learners
Narratives help children relate to people of the past and sustain interest. They complement rather than replace the use of sources, and remain useful at the upper primary stage when used critically.
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Q.253
In high mountains, glaciers erode the land beneath them. What often forms when the ice later melts?
- A Mushroom-shaped rocks standing on narrow bases
- B Ox-bow lakes cut off from a winding river
- C Sea arches and stacks along a rocky coast
- D Hollows that fill with water to form lakes
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Hollows that fill with water to form lakes
Glaciers carve out deep hollows in the mountains, and when the ice melts these fill with water and become lakes. Mushroom rocks are shaped by wind, ox-bow lakes by rivers, and arches and stacks by sea waves.
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Q.254
Which level of Panchayati Raj makes development plans at the district level and, with the help of the Panchayat Samitis, regulates the distribution of money among the Gram Panchayats?
- A Gram Sabha
- B Gram Panchayat
- C Zila Parishad
- D Nyaya Panchayat
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Zila Parishad
The Zila Parishad is the district-level tier; it makes development plans for the district and, with the Panchayat Samitis (block level), regulates the funds that reach Gram Panchayats. The Gram Panchayat works at village level, and a Nyaya Panchayat settles minor disputes.
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Q.255
Match the types of winds with their examples:
(a) Permanent winds (b) Seasonal winds (c) Local winds
1. The loo of the northern plains of India
2. The trade winds
3. The monsoon winds of India
- A a-3, b-2, c-1
- B a-1, b-3, c-2
- C a-2, b-1, c-3
- D a-2, b-3, c-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) a-2, b-3, c-1
Permanent winds such as the trade winds, westerlies and easterlies blow constantly in one direction throughout the year, and seasonal winds such as the monsoons change direction with the seasons. Local winds such as the loo, a hot and dry summer wind, blow only in a small area at a particular time of day or year.
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Q.256
Assertion (A): Students should learn to read the key (legend) of a map before interpreting the map. Reason (R): Maps are drawn to a scale, which relates distance on the map to distance on the ground.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Both statements are true, but the key matters because colours and symbols have meaning only when matched with it; scale concerns distance, so R does not explain A.
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Q.257
Under apartheid in South Africa, laws kept people of different races apart in hospitals, schools, trains and residential areas. Which leader, imprisoned for many years for opposing it, became the first President of a democratic South Africa?
- A Nelson Mandela
- B Desmond Tutu
- C Kwame Nkrumah
- D Martin Luther King Jr.
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela led the struggle against apartheid and spent many years in prison. After apartheid ended, South Africa held its first democratic elections in 1994 and Mandela became President; Martin Luther King Jr. led the civil rights movement in the USA.
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Q.258
A teacher shares the rubric for a project on local festivals with students before they begin work. The main benefit of doing so is that:
- A Students know the criteria early and can plan and check their work
- B The teacher no longer needs to give any feedback on the finished work
- C Every student in the class will end up with the same score
- D The teacher need not observe students while they work
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Students know the criteria early and can plan and check their work
A rubric shared in advance makes expectations clear, guides students' effort and lets them assess their own work against the criteria before they hand it in.
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Q.259
In 1870 the British made sedition an offence by adding Section 124A to the Indian Penal Code, and they read 'sedition' so broadly that almost anyone who protested against or criticised the government could be arrested. Nationalists saw this as arbitrary and against the rule of law, which means that:
- A The ruler's word is the law
- B No one, including those in government, is above the law
- C Only Parliament can punish a criminal
- D Laws apply only to ordinary citizens and not to government officials
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) No one, including those in government, is above the law
The rule of law means that laws apply equally to everyone and that no one, including officials or the powerful, is above the law, so laws cannot be used arbitrarily. The colonial sedition law (Section 124A, added to the Indian Penal Code in 1870) was seen as arbitrary because 'sedition' was defined so broadly that mere criticism of the government could lead to arrest and punishment.
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Q.260
Students answer: 'Suggest two ways in which your Gram Panchayat could reduce water shortage, and give reasons.' The most suitable way to evaluate their answers is to:
- A Accept only the two ways written in the teacher's own notes
- B Judge varied answers against clear criteria such as relevance and reasoning
- C Give marks mainly according to the length of each answer
- D Give full marks to everyone, since an open question has no single right answer
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Judge varied answers against clear criteria such as relevance and reasoning
Open-ended questions have many acceptable answers, so they are judged against criteria such as relevance, feasibility and reasoning, not against one model answer or by length.
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Q.261
In the Telugu-speaking areas of the Madras Presidency, who formed an association to promote widow remarriage?
- A Veerasalingam Pantulu
- B Sri Narayana Guru
- C Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar
- D Mumtaz Ali
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Veerasalingam Pantulu
Veerasalingam Pantulu formed an association for widow remarriage in the Telugu-speaking areas of the Madras Presidency. Vidyasagar worked for widow remarriage in Bengal, and Sri Narayana Guru worked against caste distinctions in Kerala.
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Q.262
Inscriptions from Uttaramerur in Tamil Nadu describe how members of the committees of the sabha were chosen in the Chola period: names of eligible persons were written on palm-leaf tickets and put into an earthenware pot, and a young boy took out the tickets one by one. This method was:
- A a secret ballot in which all adults voted
- B hereditary appointment by the king
- C selection by lottery
- D nomination by the temple priests
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) selection by lottery
Committee members were chosen by lottery from among those eligible. The eligibility rules, such as owning land from which revenue was collected and having one's own home, meant that only a limited group could take part.
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Q.263
Masulipatnam, on the Krishna delta, was a busy port in the seventeenth century, but in the course of the eighteenth century it lost both its merchants and its prosperity. The main reason was that:
- A after Aurangzeb took Golconda, European companies moved to Bombay, Calcutta and Madras
- B the Vijayanagara rulers captured the port and closed it to all foreign ships for ever after
- C the Qutb Shahi rulers banned all trade with European companies at their ports
- D a long war between the Portuguese and the Dutch destroyed its harbour and its warehouses
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) after Aurangzeb took Golconda, European companies moved to Bombay, Calcutta and Madras
Aurangzeb annexed Golconda in 1686-87, and the European companies looked for alternatives; their new trading towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras drew trade away. Earlier, the Qutb Shahi rulers had imposed royal monopolies on some goods rather than a ban on trade, and Vijayanagara had fallen long before, in 1565.
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Q.264
Match the leaders of the revolt of 1857 with their descriptions: A. Ahmadullah Shah B. Bakht Khan C. Tantia Tope; 1. General of Nana Saheb who kept up a guerrilla war in the jungles of central India 2. Maulvi from Faizabad who prophesied that British rule would soon end 3. Soldier from Bareilly who led a large force of fighters to Delhi
- A A-2, B-3, C-1
- B A-3, B-2, C-1
- C A-2, B-1, C-3
- D A-1, B-3, C-2
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) A-2, B-3, C-1
Ahmadullah Shah of Faizabad raised a huge force of supporters and came to Lucknow to fight the British; Bakht Khan of Bareilly became a key military leader in Delhi; and Tantia Tope fought a guerrilla war in central India with the support of tribal and peasant leaders until he was captured and killed in 1859.
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Q.265
Consider these statements about agriculture in the Chola period: 1. In the Kaveri delta, embankments were built to prevent flooding and canals were dug to carry water to the fields. 2. In many areas two crops were grown in a year. 3. In some places wells were dug, and elsewhere huge tanks were built to collect rainwater. Which are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 1, 2 and 3
- C 2 and 3 only
- D 1 only
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) 1, 2 and 3
Large-scale cultivation of the Kaveri delta needed embankments against floods and canals for irrigation, and in many areas two crops were grown a year. Where crops had to be watered artificially, wells were dug and huge tanks built to collect rainwater; such works needed planning and organised labour.
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Q.266
Harshavardhana tried to cross the Narmada and march into the Deccan, but he was stopped by:
- A Mahendravarman I, the Pallava king
- B Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta chief
- C Pulakeshin II, the Chalukya ruler
- D Rajaraja I, the Chola king
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Pulakeshin II, the Chalukya ruler
Harsha was stopped at the Narmada by Pulakeshin II, the best-known Chalukya ruler, whose prashasti was composed by his court poet Ravikirti. Dantidurga and Rajaraja I belong to a later period.
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Q.267
Granite forms when molten magma cools slowly deep inside the Earth's crust, producing large grains. Granite is therefore an example of:
- A an extrusive igneous rock
- B an intrusive igneous rock
- C a sedimentary rock
- D a metamorphic rock
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) an intrusive igneous rock
Magma that cools slowly inside the crust forms intrusive igneous rocks with large grains, such as granite. Lava that cools quickly on the surface forms extrusive igneous rocks with fine grains, such as basalt.
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Q.268
From the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, saint-poets of Maharashtra such as Jnaneshwar, Namdev, Eknath and Tukaram focused their devotion on Vitthala, a form of Vishnu. The main temple of Vitthala is at:
- A Puri
- B Tirupati
- C Pandharpur
- D Dwarka
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Pandharpur
This regional bhakti tradition centred on the Vitthala temple at Pandharpur and on the idea of a personal god residing in the hearts of all people. It also included women such as Sakhubai and the family of Chokhamela, who belonged to the 'untouchable' Mahar caste.
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Q.269
Which is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn all pass?
- A Asia
- B South America
- C Australia
- D Africa
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Africa
Africa is the only continent crossed by all three of these latitudes; the Equator runs almost through its middle. South America is crossed by the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, but not by the Tropic of Cancer.
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Q.270
Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, consider the following:
1. At least one-third of the seats in panchayats are reserved for women.
2. Elections to panchayats are conducted by the State Election Commission.
3. A panchayat has a term of five years unless dissolved earlier.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 2 and 3 only
- C 1 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) 1, 2 and 3
All three are correct. The Amendment reserves not less than one-third of the seats (and of the chairperson posts) for women, entrusts panchayat elections to the State Election Commission, and fixes a five-year term.
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Q.271
A teacher shows a photograph of a protest march from the national movement and asks, 'Who might have taken this? What lies outside the frame?' These questions help students understand that:
- A Photographs always show the complete and objective truth about an event
- B Photographs cannot be used as sources by historians
- C Only written documents are reliable sources of history
- D Photographs are selective records shaped by the photographer's choices
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Photographs are selective records shaped by the photographer's choices
A photograph records what the photographer chose to show, from a particular angle and for a purpose. Reading it critically, like any other source, is part of learning to use evidence.
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Q.272
A teacher asks a chain of questions: 'Who makes the rules at home? What if one person made every rule? How could everyone have a say?' Through these, students arrive at the idea of democracy themselves. This is the:
- A Project method
- B Source method
- C Lecture method
- D Socratic or questioning method
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Socratic or questioning method
The Socratic method uses a sequence of carefully planned questions to lead learners to examine their own ideas and reach a concept themselves, instead of being told it.
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Q.273
A student says, 'Democracy simply means that people vote once in five years.' Which activity would best help the student build a fuller idea of democracy?
- A Memorising the textbook definition of democracy word for word for the test
- B Listing the years in which general elections were held
- C Discussing how people take part between elections, as in a Gram Sabha
- D Learning the names of all the Prime Ministers so far
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Discussing how people take part between elections, as in a Gram Sabha
Democracy also involves participation, discussion, peaceful protest and holding representatives accountable between elections; examples of these help the student see that it is more than voting.
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Q.274
During the revolt of 1857, which ruler raised and led an army of four thousand against the British, who had taken over the administration of her state of Ramgarh in present-day Madhya Pradesh?
- A Rani Channamma
- B Begum Hazrat Mahal
- C Rani Lakshmibai
- D Rani Avantibai Lodhi
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Rani Avantibai Lodhi
Rani Avantibai Lodhi of Ramgarh raised and led an army of four thousand against the British. Begum Hazrat Mahal led the rebels at Lucknow and Rani Lakshmibai at Jhansi, while Rani Channamma of Kittur had resisted the British much earlier, in the 1820s.
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Q.275
Between December 1946 and November 1949, the Constituent Assembly drafted India's Constitution. Who was the chairman of its Drafting Committee?
- A Dr Rajendra Prasad
- B Dr B.R. Ambedkar
- C Jawaharlal Nehru
- D Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Dr B.R. Ambedkar
Dr B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee and is often called the father of the Indian Constitution. Dr Rajendra Prasad was the President of the Constituent Assembly.
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Q.276
After a lesson on the organs of government, a teacher gives a short quiz, finds that many students confuse the roles of the legislature and the executive, and reteaches that part the next day. This is an example of:
- A Assessment for learning (formative assessment)
- B Assessment of learning (summative assessment)
- C Placement assessment before admission
- D Norm-referenced ranking of students
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Assessment for learning (formative assessment)
Formative assessment gathers evidence during learning and uses it to adjust teaching. Here the quiz result directly shapes the next lesson, which is its defining feature.
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Q.277
Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni was the most important ruler of the Satavahana dynasty. We know about him mainly from:
- A the Arthashastra, written by Kautilya for the Mauryan court
- B the account of the Mauryan court written by Megasthenes
- C the Prayaga prashasti that Harishena composed for Samudragupta
- D an inscription made on behalf of his mother, Gautami Balashri
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) an inscription made on behalf of his mother, Gautami Balashri
Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni is known mainly from an inscription composed on behalf of his mother, Gautami Balashri. He and other Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the dakshinapatha, literally the route leading to the south, a name also used for the whole southern region.
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Q.278
Which statement correctly distinguishes a ward councillor from the Commissioner of a Municipal Corporation?
- A Both are elected by the people of the city
- B Both are appointed by the state government
- C The councillor is appointed by the state; the Commissioner is elected by voters
- D The councillor is elected from a ward; the Commissioner is appointed
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) The councillor is elected from a ward; the Commissioner is appointed
Ward councillors are elected by the people of each ward and take decisions together in the council and its committees. The Commissioner and the administrative staff are appointed officials who carry out those decisions.
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Q.279
Which crop, known as the 'golden fibre', grows well on alluvial soil and needs high temperature, heavy rainfall and a humid climate?
- A Jute
- B Cotton
- C Wheat
- D Millets
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Jute
Jute, the golden fibre, needs high temperature, heavy rainfall and a humid climate and grows well on alluvial soil, which is why India and Bangladesh grow much of it. Cotton needs light rainfall and bright sunshine, and millets grow in dry areas.
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Q.280
Assertion (A): In 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi, at Panipat. Reason (R): On his mother's side Babur was a descendant of Genghis Khan, and on his father's side a successor of Timur.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C A is true, but R is false
- D A is false, but R is true
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Both statements are true, but Babur's descent from Genghis Khan and Timur does not explain his victory at Panipat; it explains the Mughals' pride in their lineage. After Panipat, Babur captured Delhi and Agra.
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Q.281
Which of the following statements describes the CLIMATE of a place rather than its weather?
- A It rained heavily in Delhi this morning
- B The temperature in Jaipur reached 42 °C today
- C Kerala generally gets heavy rain from June to September every year
- D A dust storm struck Bikaner yesterday evening
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Kerala generally gets heavy rain from June to September every year
Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere and can change within hours. Climate is the average weather condition of a place measured over many years, such as Kerala's regular monsoon rains; the other options describe conditions on a single day.
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Q.282
Which of the following would be dealt with under CIVIL law?
- A A thief breaks into a house at night and steals the family's jewellery
- B A woman is harassed by her in-laws for bringing more dowry
- C A tenant sues a landlord for evicting him without notice
- D A man attacks his neighbour and injures him
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A tenant sues a landlord for evicting him without notice
Civil law deals with harm to the rights of individuals, such as disputes over land, rent, sale of goods or divorce; the affected party files a petition and the court gives relief. Theft, dowry harassment and assault are crimes dealt with under criminal law, which usually begins with an FIR.
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Q.283
Which of the following questions asks Class 6 students to APPLY what they have learnt about maps, rather than only recall it?
- A What is meant by the scale of a map?
- B Name the four cardinal directions.
- C What colour is generally used to show water bodies?
- D Using the scale given, find the distance between the two villages on this map.
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Using the scale given, find the distance between the two villages on this map.
Finding a real distance with the map's scale uses knowledge in a new situation, which is application. The other three only ask students to recall a definition or a fact.
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Q.284
Many women work outside the home for wages and also do most of the cooking, cleaning and care work at home. This situation is described as the:
- A Glass ceiling
- B Double burden
- C Joint family system
- D Dual employment
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Double burden
Women who do paid work and also carry most of the unpaid housework and care work bear a 'double burden'. Housework is physically demanding and time-consuming, yet it is usually not recognised as work.
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Q.285
Farming can be seen as a system with inputs, operations and outputs. Which of the following is an OPERATION in this system?
- A Seeds
- B Fertilisers
- C Weeding
- D Dairy products
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Weeding
Seeds, fertilisers, machinery and labour are inputs; ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding and harvesting are operations; and crops, wool, dairy and poultry products are outputs.
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Q.286
Match the oceans with their features:
(a) Pacific (b) Atlantic (c) Indian (d) Arctic
1. Named after a country; almost triangular
2. Second largest; 'S'-shaped
3. Largest; has the Mariana Trench
4. Joined to the Pacific by the Bering Strait
- A a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4
- B a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
- C a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
- D a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4
The Pacific is the largest ocean and contains the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth; the Atlantic is the second largest and 'S'-shaped; the almost triangular Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country; and the Arctic Ocean around the North Pole is joined to the Pacific by the Bering Strait.
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Q.287
Assertion (A): Ladakh, a cold desert, receives very little rainfall.
Reason (R): Ladakh lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, which stop the moist monsoon winds from reaching it.
Choose the correct option.
- A A and R are both correct, and R explains A
- B A and R are both correct, but R does not explain A
- C A is correct, but R is wrong
- D A is wrong, but R is correct
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) A and R are both correct, and R explains A
The high Himalayas stop the moisture-bearing monsoon winds from reaching Ladakh, so it lies in a rain shadow and gets very little rain. Together with its great height and cold, this makes it a cold desert.
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Q.288
Consider the following statements:
1. Low pressure is associated with cloudy skies and wet weather.
2. Winds blow from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure.
Which of these is/are correct?
- A 1 only
- B 2 only
- C Both 1 and 2
- D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) 1 only
Heated air rises and creates low pressure, which is linked with cloudy skies and wet weather, while sinking cold air creates high pressure and clear skies. Air always moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, so statement 2 has it the wrong way round.
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Q.289
Investigations after the Bhopal gas tragedy compared Union Carbide's plant in Bhopal with its plant in West Virginia, USA. What did they find?
- A Both plants had identical, fully computerised safety systems
- B The US plant had computerised warning systems; Bhopal relied on manual gauges
- C The Bhopal plant followed stricter safety rules than the US plant did at that time
- D Neither plant handled any poisonous gas
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The US plant had computerised warning systems; Bhopal relied on manual gauges
The West Virginia plant had computerised warning and monitoring systems, but the Bhopal plant relied on manual gauges and human senses to detect gas leaks. Weaker safety standards cut costs at the expense of workers and nearby residents.
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Q.290
Article 39A of the Constitution places upon the State the duty to:
- A Provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14
- B Provide free legal aid to citizens too poor to engage a lawyer
- C Organise village panchayats as units of self-government
- D Separate the judiciary from the executive
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Provide free legal aid to citizens too poor to engage a lawyer
Article 39A, a Directive Principle, asks the State to ensure equal justice and free legal aid, so that no citizen is denied a lawyer because of poverty or other disability. Free education for children aged 6 to 14 is in Article 21A, village panchayats in Article 40 and separation of the judiciary in Article 50.
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Q.291
A state Legislative Assembly has 200 seats. What is the minimum number of MLAs a party needs in order to have a majority and form the government on its own?
- A 67
- B 100
- C 101
- D 134
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) 101
A majority means more than half of the total seats; half of 200 is 100, so a party needs at least 101 MLAs. With 100 it would have exactly half, which is not a majority, and it would need the support of other parties.
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Q.292
In early Tamil texts, which term was used for large landowners?
- A uzhavar
- B adimai
- C kadaisiyar
- D vellalar
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) vellalar
Sangam texts call large landowners vellalar, ordinary ploughmen uzhavar, and landless labourers, including slaves, kadaisiyar and adimai. These terms show that rural society was unequal.
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Q.293
In the Mughal mansabdari system, the term 'zat' referred to:
- A the number of cavalrymen (sawar) that the mansabdar had to maintain
- B a numerical value that fixed the mansabdar's rank and salary
- C the revenue assessed on a village
- D the emperor's personal bodyguard
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) a numerical value that fixed the mansabdar's rank and salary
A mansabdar's rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called zat; the number of cavalrymen (sawar) he had to maintain was a separate figure. Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs.
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Q.294
According to the Chola-period inscriptions from Uttaramerur, which of the following was NOT a qualification for those who wished to become members of the committees of the sabha?
- A Owning land from which land revenue was regularly collected
- B Being a member of a merchants' association (nagaram)
- C Being between 35 and 70 years of age
- D Having knowledge of the Vedas
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Being a member of a merchants' association (nagaram)
Candidates for the committees had to own land from which revenue was collected, have their own homes, be between 35 and 70, know the Vedas, and be honest and well-versed in administration. Anyone who had served on a committee in the last three years, or had not submitted accounts, could not stand again; membership of a nagaram was not a condition. (NCERT's Our Pasts II presents these as rules for membership of the sabha itself.)
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Q.295
Birsa Munda died of cholera in 1900 and his movement faded out. Why is the movement still considered significant?
- A It brought British rule in the Chotanagpur region to a complete end
- B It forced laws making it harder for dikus to take over tribal land
- C It made the British abolish the forest laws all over British India
- D It led the British to make Birsa the ruler of a separate Munda state
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) It forced laws making it harder for dikus to take over tribal land
The movement forced the colonial government to introduce laws so that the land of the tribals could not be easily taken over by dikus. It also showed once again that tribal people could protest against injustice and colonial rule.
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Q.296
To explain day and night, a teacher darkens the room, shines a torch on a globe and slowly rotates the globe from west to east. This is an example of:
- A A field survey of the local area
- B Using a model to show a process we cannot observe directly
- C A case study of one particular place on the Earth's surface
- D Analysing a primary source
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Using a model to show a process we cannot observe directly
We cannot watch the Earth rotate, so a globe and a light source act as a model that makes the cause of day and night visible.
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Q.297
Which assessment item best tests whether Class 7 students understand the idea of equality, rather than whether they remember it?
- A Write down the definition of equality given in the textbook.
- B A shop refuses to serve someone due to caste. What is wrong here, and why?
- C In which year did the Constitution of India come into force?
- D List the Articles of the Constitution that deal with the right to equality.
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Correct answer: (B) A shop refuses to serve someone due to caste. What is wrong here, and why?
Applying the concept to a realistic case shows whether the student can recognise discrimination and explain why it violates equality. Definitions, dates and lists of Articles test only memory.
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Q.298
On 1 December 1955, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, USA. Her protest helped start:
- A The Civil Rights Movement in the USA
- B The end of apartheid in South Africa
- C The women's suffrage movement in Britain
- D The American War of Independence
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Correct answer: (A) The Civil Rights Movement in the USA
Rosa Parks' refusal led to the Montgomery bus boycott, a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement against racial discrimination in the USA, which led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It shows that struggles for equality take place in many democracies.
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Q.299
Which statement correctly distinguishes 'social studies' from 'social sciences'?
- A The two terms mean exactly the same thing
- B Social science is taught at the primary stage and social studies at the university stage
- C Social studies deals only with history, while social sciences deal only with geography
- D Social studies is the integrated school subject that draws on the specialised social science disciplines
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Correct answer: (D) Social studies is the integrated school subject that draws on the specialised social science disciplines
Social sciences are the academic disciplines (history, geography, political science, economics, sociology). Social studies is the school subject that integrates and simplifies their content for the purpose of citizenship education.
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Q.300
Which of the following is NOT a discipline of the social sciences?
- A Zoology
- B Economics
- C Political Science
- D Sociology
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Correct answer: (A) Zoology
Zoology is a natural (biological) science. Economics, political science, sociology, history, geography and anthropology are the social sciences that study human society and its institutions.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.