Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Social Studies (SST) MCQ with Answers, Paper 2
756 practice questions on Social Studies and its Pedagogy (Paper II) for CTET Paper II (Social Studies/Social Science), with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.301
The vibrations of an earthquake are recorded by a ______, and its magnitude is expressed on the ______.
- A seismograph; Richter scale
- B barometer; Richter scale
- C Richter scale; seismograph
- D anemometer; seismograph
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) seismograph; Richter scale
A seismograph records the waves set off by an earthquake, and the magnitude worked out from its records is expressed on the Richter scale. A barometer measures air pressure and an anemometer measures wind speed.
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Q.302
In which form of government does the ruler have the power to make decisions without being required to explain or justify them to the people?
- A Democracy
- B Monarchy
- C Parliamentary government
- D Federal government
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Monarchy
In a monarchy the king or queen (with a few advisers) decides and need not answer to the people. In a democracy the government gets its power from the people through elections and must explain and defend its actions to them.
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Q.303
Which of the following was NOT one of the changes the British made after the revolt of 1857?
- A The power to govern India was transferred from the Company to the British Crown
- B Ruling chiefs were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future
- C The proportion of Indian soldiers in the army was increased
- D Landlords and zamindars were protected and given security of rights over their lands
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Correct answer: (C) The proportion of Indian soldiers in the army was increased
After 1857 the British decided to reduce the proportion of Indian soldiers and increase the number of European soldiers in the army. The other changes were made: an Act of 1858 transferred power to the British Crown, rulers were assured against annexation, and landlords were protected.
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Q.304
In the spirit of CCE, which of the following practices should a teacher AVOID when reporting students' progress in social science?
- A Describing each child's strengths and the areas to work on
- B Sharing samples of the child's work with parents
- C Publicly ranking children and labelling some as 'weak'
- D Recording each child's progress over the year
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Correct answer: (C) Publicly ranking children and labelling some as 'weak'
CCE aims to support every child's learning; public ranking and labels create fear and damage self-esteem. Descriptive feedback, work samples and records of progress are good practice.
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Q.305
During a lesson, a student remarks that people of a particular community are 'lazy'. The most appropriate response of the teacher is to:
- A Ignore the remark so that the lesson is not disturbed by a controversial discussion
- B Punish the student in front of the class to set an example
- C Ask what the belief is based on and discuss how stereotypes form and harm people
- D Agree with the student since many people hold the same belief
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Ask what the belief is based on and discuss how stereotypes form and harm people
Stereotypes and prejudice are part of the upper-primary political life syllabus. Examining the basis of the remark turns it into a learning moment; ignoring it lets prejudice stand, and punishment shuts down reflection.
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Q.306
A student remarks that people in the 18th century were foolish to travel by bullock cart instead of by train. The teacher points out that there were no railways in India then. The error in the student's thinking is:
- A Relying too heavily on archaeological sources for studying that period
- B Confusing the primary and secondary sources of history
- C Thinking about the causes and effects of historical events
- D Judging the past by present-day knowledge and standards (presentism)
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Correct answer: (D) Judging the past by present-day knowledge and standards (presentism)
Presentism is the tendency to judge people of the past by what we know or value today. Good historical thinking asks what choices were actually open to people in their own time; India's first passenger train ran only in 1853.
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Q.307
A newspaper gives front-page coverage to a fashion show for a week but hardly reports a severe water shortage in nearby villages. By deciding what to focus on, the media is:
- A Setting the agenda
- B Censoring the news
- C Branding a product
- D Doing social advertising
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Setting the agenda
By choosing which issues to highlight and which to ignore, the media shapes what people think and talk about; this is called setting the agenda. Censorship is done by the government, not through an editor's choice of stories.
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Q.308
Industries are classified as small-scale or large-scale on the basis of:
- A whether they are owned by the government or by private individuals
- B the kind of raw material that they use
- C whether they are located in villages or in cities
- D the capital invested, people employed and volume of production
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Correct answer: (D) the capital invested, people employed and volume of production
Size depends on the capital invested, the number of people employed and the volume of production. Ownership is the basis for the private, public, joint and cooperative sectors, and raw material is the basis for agro-, mineral-, marine- and forest-based industries.
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Q.309
Consider the following statements about institutions set up under Orientalist influence: 1. A madrasa was set up in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and Islamic law. 2. The Hindu College at Benaras, established in 1791, was set up mainly to teach English literature and Western science. Which of these is/are correct?
- A Only 1
- B Only 2
- C Neither 1 nor 2
- D Both 1 and 2
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Correct answer: (A) Only 1
Statement 2 is wrong: the Hindu College at Benaras was established in 1791 to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts useful for administration. Teaching Western knowledge through English was what the Anglicists later demanded.
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Q.310
A teacher's rubric for a source-based essay gives separate scores for use of evidence, organisation of ideas and accuracy of facts. Such a rubric is called:
- A An analytic rubric
- B A holistic rubric
- C An anecdotal record
- D A cumulative record
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Correct answer: (A) An analytic rubric
An analytic rubric scores each criterion separately, showing strengths and weaknesses in detail. A holistic rubric gives a single overall score for the whole piece of work.
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Q.311
Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed the 'hiranya-garbha' (golden womb) ritual. This ritual, performed with the help of brahmanas, was thought to:
- A lead to his 'rebirth' as a Kshatriya, even if he was not born one
- B secure the blessings of Buddhist monks before a war
- C choose a successor from among all of the king's sons by drawing lots
- D mark the start of a royal sea voyage to Southeast Asia
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Correct answer: (A) lead to his 'rebirth' as a Kshatriya, even if he was not born one
The hiranya-garbha ritual was believed to lead to the 'rebirth' of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya even if he was not one by birth. Rituals like this helped new rulers claim high status.
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Q.312
The Planning Commission, set up in 1950, helped design and carry out policies for economic development. In the model India adopted, both the State and the private sector played important and complementary roles in increasing production and creating jobs. This model is called:
- A a free-market economy
- B a command economy
- C a mixed economy
- D a subsistence economy
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Correct answer: (C) a mixed economy
In a mixed economy the State and the private sector both play important and complementary roles; which industries the State would start and which the market would develop was to be worked out by the Planning Commission. In a command economy the State controls almost all production, and in a free-market economy it is left to private firms.
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Q.313
Studies show that what is expected of boys and girls (how they dress, play, study and work) differs from one society to another and changes over time. This mainly shows that:
- A Gender roles are fixed by biology and cannot change
- B Gender roles are shaped by society and can change
- C Girls are naturally less suited to outdoor work
- D Only urban societies have gender roles
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Gender roles are shaped by society and can change
If these roles were fixed by nature, they would be the same everywhere; because they differ across societies and periods, they are learned and socially shaped, and so they can change. This is why unequal treatment based on such roles can be questioned.
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Q.314
Rani Durgavati ruled Garha Katanga on behalf of her five-year-old son after her husband Dalpat died. When Mughal forces under Asaf Khan attacked the kingdom in 1564, she:
- A put up a strong resistance and, when defeated, preferred death to surrender
- B made peace with the Mughals and married her son into the Mughal royal family
- C fled to the Ahom kingdom and continued to rule from there in exile
- D defeated Asaf Khan and then went on to conquer the kingdom of Malwa
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Correct answer: (A) put up a strong resistance and, when defeated, preferred death to surrender
Durgavati resisted the Mughal attack strongly; she was defeated and chose death rather than surrender, and her son also died fighting soon after. She died on 24 June 1564 (NCERT's Our Pasts II gives the year as 1565). Garha Katanga was a rich state that earned much wealth by trapping and exporting wild elephants.
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Q.315
The Baigas of central India were reluctant to work for others even when they had the chance. What does this reveal about them?
- A They were wealthy landlords who usually hired others to work for them
- B They saw themselves as forest people, for whom labouring was beneath them
- C A British law forbade them from working as hired labourers anywhere
- D Their priests forbade them to work outside their own village or clan
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Correct answer: (B) They saw themselves as forest people, for whom labouring was beneath them
The Baigas saw themselves as people of the forest who could live only on its produce, and it was below the dignity of a Baiga to become a labourer. Their attitude shows how closely tribal identity was tied to the forest.
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Q.316
A teacher wants students to distinguish facts from opinions. Which of the following statements should they identify as an opinion?
- A Akbar was the greatest ruler India has ever had.
- B Akbar ruled the Mughal empire from 1556 to 1605.
- C Abul Fazl wrote the Akbarnama, a history of Akbar's reign.
- D Fatehpur Sikri was built during the reign of Akbar.
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Correct answer: (A) Akbar was the greatest ruler India has ever had.
Whether someone was 'the greatest' is a value judgement that can be argued but not proved. The other statements can be checked against historical evidence.
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Q.317
Arrange the following in the order in which vegetables usually pass from the field to your kitchen:
1. Retailer (vegetable vendor)
2. Farmer
3. Consumer
4. Wholesale trader
- A 2, 1, 4, 3
- B 2, 4, 1, 3
- C 4, 2, 1, 3
- D 2, 4, 3, 1
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Correct answer: (B) 2, 4, 1, 3
The farmer sells in bulk to a wholesale trader, the wholesale trader sells smaller quantities to retailers such as vegetable vendors, and the retailer sells to the consumer. This series of links is called a chain of markets.
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Q.318
By the first decade of the nineteenth century, the Permanent Settlement had become a poor bargain for the Company itself. Why?
- A The zamindars were allowed to stop paying revenue in years of poor harvest
- B The Company had fixed the revenue demand far too low from the very beginning
- C The peasants began paying their revenue directly to the Mughal emperor
- D Prices and cultivation rose, but the fixed revenue demand could not be raised
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Correct answer: (D) Prices and cultivation rose, but the fixed revenue demand could not be raised
As market prices rose and cultivation slowly expanded, the zamindars' income grew, but the Company gained nothing because it could not increase a revenue demand that had been fixed permanently. In fact the revenue had at first been fixed so high that many zamindars could not pay.
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Q.319
Which of the following statements about modes of transport is NOT correct?
- A Roads are the most commonly used means of transport, especially for short distances
- B Railways carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly and cheaply
- C Airways are the fastest mode of transport but also the most expensive
- D Airways are the cheapest way to carry heavy and bulky goods over long distances
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Correct answer: (D) Airways are the cheapest way to carry heavy and bulky goods over long distances
Waterways, not airways, are the cheapest means of carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. Air transport is the fastest but the most expensive because of high fuel costs, though it is often the only way to reach remote areas.
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Q.320
Water, soil and forests are renewable resources. Which statement about such resources is correct?
- A They can never run out, however much they are used
- B They can still run out if used faster than they are renewed
- C They are formed only over millions of years, just like coal and oil
- D They are found only in a few places, like copper
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Correct answer: (B) They can still run out if used faster than they are renewed
Renewable resources are replenished fairly quickly, but careless use can reduce their stock, as when groundwater is pumped out faster than it is recharged. Taking millions of years to form is a feature of non-renewable resources such as coal.
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Q.321
An important characteristic of public facilities such as water supply, sanitation and public transport is that:
- A they are always provided free of cost by private companies
- B once provided, their benefits can be shared by many people
- C they are meant only for people who pay income tax
- D they are needed only in large cities
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Correct answer: (B) once provided, their benefits can be shared by many people
Once a public facility is provided, many people can share its benefits. A single water supply system or a school, for example, serves a whole community.
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Q.322
Under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, a woman facing violence from members of her household:
- A must first leave the shared household before she is allowed to file a complaint at all
- B can seek help only through her caste panchayat
- C is protected only if she earns her own income
- D can get protection orders, monetary relief and the right to stay in the shared home
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Correct answer: (D) can get protection orders, monetary relief and the right to stay in the shared home
The Act recognises a woman's right to live in the shared household and allows her to get protection against further violence and monetary relief for expenses such as medical costs. It does not require her to leave home or to be earning.
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Q.323
A student answers, 'The British were bad rulers.' The teacher asks, 'What makes you say that? Can you give an example from what we read?' The teacher's question is best described as a:
- A Rhetorical question that does not expect any answer from the student
- B Recall question that checks memory of a single fact from the lesson
- C Probing question that asks the student to support and deepen the answer
- D Leading question that hints at the particular answer the teacher wants to hear
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Correct answer: (C) Probing question that asks the student to support and deepen the answer
Probing questions follow up an answer by asking for reasons, evidence or examples. They move students from a vague judgement towards a reasoned, evidence-based statement.
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Q.324
A student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) finds it hard to stay seated and focused through a long period. Which strategy is most helpful?
- A Longer written tasks to build the child's patience
- B Short, structured tasks with chances to move and frequent feedback
- C Seating the child alone at the back of the room
- D Reminding the child about the behaviour again and again in front of the class
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Correct answer: (B) Short, structured tasks with chances to move and frequent feedback
Short, well-structured tasks, built-in movement and regular feedback suit the child's attention span. Isolation and public reminders lower self-esteem and do not help learning.
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Q.325
Some large countries have adopted more than one standard time instead of a single one. The main reason is that they:
- A have a large north-south (latitudinal) extent
- B have a large east-west (longitudinal) extent
- C lie partly in the Southern Hemisphere
- D are crossed by the Tropic of Cancer
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Correct answer: (B) have a large east-west (longitudinal) extent
Local time changes by 4 minutes for every degree of longitude, so in a country stretching across many meridians the local times at its eastern and western ends differ by several hours, and one standard time cannot suit all of it. A large north-south extent does not change local time.
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Q.326
Many mahajanapada capitals were fortified with huge walls of wood, brick or stone. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons historians suggest for building these walls?
- A Fear of attacks from other kings
- B To show how rich and powerful the rulers were
- C To stop the teachings of the Buddha from spreading
- D To control the people living inside the walls more easily
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Correct answer: (C) To stop the teachings of the Buddha from spreading
Rulers probably built the walls because they feared attacks, wanted to display their wealth and power, and could more easily control the land and people inside. Stopping the Buddha's teachings is not among the reasons suggested.
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Q.327
In a dowry death case, the trial court convicted the accused, the High Court on appeal acquitted them, and the Supreme Court on further appeal convicted two of them. This sequence illustrates:
- A Public Interest Litigation
- B The appellate system
- C Judicial review of laws
- D The separation of powers
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Correct answer: (B) The appellate system
Under the appellate system, a person who is not satisfied with a lower court's judgment can appeal to a higher court, which can reverse it. The example is the Sudha Goel case, which went from the trial court to the High Court and then to the Supreme Court.
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Q.328
During a discussion, a student says that untouchability is an old tradition and should be respected. The most appropriate response of the teacher is to:
- A Say that every opinion is equally valid and quickly move on to the next topic
- B Punish the student in front of the class for the remark
- C Avoid the topic, as it is too sensitive for a classroom
- D Explain that it is abolished by the Constitution and why it denies dignity
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Explain that it is abolished by the Constitution and why it denies dignity
Open discussion does not mean treating every view as equally acceptable: Article 17 of the Constitution abolishes untouchability. The teacher should say so and help the student see why it violates equality and human dignity, rather than punish or avoid the issue.
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Q.329
Who are the members of a Gram Sabha?
- A All adults of the Panchayat area who are entered as voters
- B Only the Sarpanch and the ward members elected to the Gram Panchayat
- C All landowning families of the village
- D The Secretary and other government officials posted in the block office
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Correct answer: (A) All adults of the Panchayat area who are entered as voters
The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults (18 years and above) who live in the area covered by a Panchayat and are entered as voters. The Sarpanch and ward members form the Gram Panchayat, which is answerable to the Gram Sabha.
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Q.330
After elections to a state's Legislative Assembly, who becomes the Chief Minister?
- A The MLA who won his or her own seat by the largest margin of votes in the state
- B The leader chosen by the MLAs of the party or coalition with a majority
- C The senior-most member of the outgoing Assembly
- D A person nominated by the High Court of the state
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Correct answer: (B) The leader chosen by the MLAs of the party or coalition with a majority
The party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the government, and its MLAs elect their leader, who becomes the Chief Minister. The Governor then formally appoints the Chief Minister.
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Q.331
The Tawa Matsya Sangh in Madhya Pradesh is an example of:
- A A federation of fishing cooperatives of dam-displaced people
- B A government department that built and now manages the Tawa dam
- C A women's organisation that campaigns against dowry deaths
- D A trade union of workers in the cotton textile mills
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) A federation of fishing cooperatives of dam-displaced people
Tawa Matsya Sangh is a federation of fisherfolk cooperatives formed by people displaced by the Tawa dam; after a long struggle they won the right to fish in the reservoir and earned more through cooperative fishing. It shows how marginalised people struggle for livelihood and equality.
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Q.332
Which of the following is an example of INEQUALITY rather than of diversity?
- A Families in a town speak Tamil, Urdu or Hindi at home
- B Some children cannot go to school because their families are too poor
- C People in a region celebrate Eid, Onam and Christmas
- D Rice is the staple food in one region and wheat rotis in another region
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Some children cannot go to school because their families are too poor
Differences of language, festivals and food are part of diversity. Inequality arises when some people lack the resources and opportunities others have, as when poverty keeps children out of school.
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Q.333
Why is it recommended that canals used for irrigation be properly lined, for example with cement or stone?
- A To make the water flow back towards its source
- B To increase the evaporation of water from the canal
- C To allow more silt to settle at the bottom of the canal
- D To reduce the loss of water by seepage into the ground
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) To reduce the loss of water by seepage into the ground
Water seeps into the ground from unlined canals, so much of it never reaches the fields. Lining canals cuts down this loss and is one way of conserving water, along with rainwater harvesting and drip or sprinkler irrigation.
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Q.334
Assertion (A): A social science teacher should ask only higher-order questions and never ask recall questions. Reason (R): Higher-order questions develop skills such as analysis and evaluation.
- A Both A and R are true, and R explains A
- B Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
- C A is true, R is false
- D A is false, R is true
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Correct answer: (D) A is false, R is true
Recall questions have a place, for example to check the basic facts on which reasoning is built, so a balanced mix is needed and A is false. R is true: higher-order questions develop analysis and evaluation.
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Q.335
On a sunny afternoon at a beach, a cool breeze blows from the sea towards the land. Why?
- A Land heats faster than the sea, so air over land rises and sea air flows in
- B The sea heats faster than the land, so air over the sea rises and flows inland
- C Air pressure over the land rises above that over the sea during the day
- D The rotation of the Earth always drives air from the sea to the land
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Land heats faster than the sea, so air over land rises and sea air flows in
By day land heats faster than water, so the air over it warms, expands and rises, creating low pressure, and cooler air from the higher pressure over the sea flows in as a sea breeze. At night the land cools faster and the breeze reverses, blowing from land to sea.
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Q.336
The rajas of Magadha tried to conquer the ganas or sanghas, but these continued to exist for a very long time. The last of them were conquered about 1500 years ago by the:
- A Gupta rulers
- B Mauryan rulers
- C Kushana rulers
- D Satavahana rulers
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Gupta rulers
The ganas or sanghas survived until about 1500 years ago, when the Gupta rulers conquered the last of them. The Vajji sangha, with its capital at Vaishali, is the best-known example.
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Q.337
In early cities, associations of craftspersons and merchants that trained workers, obtained raw materials and distributed finished goods were called:
- A shrenis
- B sanghas
- C janapadas
- D viharas
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) shrenis
Shrenis were guilds of craftspersons and merchants. They also served as banks: people deposited money with them, it was invested, and part of the interest was used to support religious institutions such as monasteries.
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Q.338
The approach known as 'history from below' focuses on:
- A The lives of kings, battles and dynasties
- B The experiences of ordinary people such as peasants, workers, women and tribal communities
- C The physical geography beneath historical sites
- D Only archaeological excavation of lower strata
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The experiences of ordinary people such as peasants, workers, women and tribal communities
'History from below' shifts attention from rulers and elites to the lives of common people, which NCF 2005 and NCERT textbooks reflect by including chapters on peasants, artisans, tribals and women.
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Q.339
Which of the following happens on 21 June?
- A The Sun's rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn; the Northern Hemisphere has its longest day
- B The Sun's rays fall vertically on the Equator; days and nights are equal everywhere
- C The Sun's rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Cancer; the Northern Hemisphere has its longest day
- D The Sun's rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Cancer; the Southern Hemisphere has summer
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) The Sun's rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Cancer; the Northern Hemisphere has its longest day
On 21 June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, so the Sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer and the north has its longest day and shortest night (the summer solstice). The Southern Hemisphere then has winter.
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Q.340
Which of the following is NOT a source of funds for a Gram Panchayat?
- A Taxes collected on houses and market places
- B Funds for government schemes received through the Janpad and Zila Panchayats
- C Donations for community works
- D Income tax paid by the residents of the village
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Income tax paid by the residents of the village
A Gram Panchayat's funds come from local taxes on houses and market places, government scheme funds routed through higher panchayat bodies, and donations for community works. Income tax is collected by the Union government, not by panchayats.
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Q.341
In 1720 the British government passed a law, known as the Calico Act, banning the use of printed cotton textiles (chintz) in England. What was the main reason for this law?
- A Printed cottons had been found to be harmful to people's health
- B The Company wanted to stop trading in Indian textiles altogether
- C English wool and silk makers protested against Indian cotton imports
- D Indian weavers had refused to sell their cloth to English traders
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) English wool and silk makers protested against Indian cotton imports
Indian cotton textiles were so popular in England that wool and silk makers there protested against their import, and the government responded with the Calico Act of 1720. It protected British producers; it was not a health measure.
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Q.342
Students enter the monthly rainfall figures of their district into a spreadsheet, draw a bar graph and identify the wettest and driest months. This use of ICT mainly helps them to:
- A Avoid learning about the monsoon from any other source
- B Improve their typing speed for computer examinations
- C Memorise the rainfall figure of every month exactly
- D Organise, represent and interpret data to find patterns
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Organise, represent and interpret data to find patterns
Spreadsheets let students work with real data, turn it into graphs and draw conclusions, for example about the monsoon season. ICT here serves enquiry and data skills, not typing or memorisation.
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Q.343
A teacher brings old household objects, such as a lantern, a hand-mill (chakki) and a brass water pot, and asks students what each reveals about life in the past. This activity mainly helps students to:
- A Use material objects as evidence to infer how people lived
- B Find out the present market value of such antique objects
- C Memorise the names of old-fashioned objects
- D Decide which of the objects were the most beautiful to look at
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Correct answer: (A) Use material objects as evidence to infer how people lived
Like archaeologists, students learn to 'read' objects as evidence, inferring daily work, technology and ways of living from the things people used.
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Q.344
Which of the following was NOT a reason why early hunter-gatherers moved from place to place?
- A Staying long at one place would have used up its plant and animal resources
- B The animals they hunted moved from place to place
- C They had to pay tribute to rulers at different places
- D Different plants bore fruit in different seasons
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) They had to pay tribute to rulers at different places
Hunter-gatherers moved in search of food and water: resources at one place got used up, animals migrated and plants fruited in different seasons. There were no rulers collecting tribute from them; kingdoms and taxes came much later.
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Q.345
Costa Rica is often cited for the good health of its people. A key decision that allowed its government to spend more on health, education and other basic needs was to:
- A close down all private hospitals
- B stop importing medicines from abroad
- C provide health care only to taxpayers
- D do away with its army
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) do away with its army
Costa Rica decided not to have an army, and the money saved was spent on health, education and basic needs such as safe drinking water and sanitation. This shows how a government's choices shape public health.
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Q.346
Which of the following is NOT usually a responsibility of a Municipal Corporation?
- A Running the railway services that connect the city
- B Collecting garbage and keeping streets and markets clean
- C Maintaining streetlights, parks and drains
- D Running schools, hospitals and dispensaries
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Running the railway services that connect the city
A Municipal Corporation looks after civic services such as garbage collection, streetlights, parks, drains and water supply, and also runs schools, hospitals and dispensaries. Railways are run by the Union government.
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Q.347
Consider these statements about an inclusive social science classroom. 1. Children with disabilities learn alongside others, with suitable adaptations in materials and methods. 2. All children must be assessed only through the same timed written test. 3. Peer support and cooperative group work help every child take part. Which are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 2 and 3 only
- C 1 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
Inclusion means learning together with adaptations, and cooperative work supports participation. A single rigid written test denies children with different needs a fair chance to show what they know, so statement 2 is wrong.
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Q.348
Which of the following best describes the public health services in India?
- A A chain of government health centres and hospitals meant to give care free or at low cost
- B Clinics owned by individuals or companies that charge for every single service to earn a profit
- C Hospitals that treat only those patients who have health insurance
- D Health centres that are found only in large cities and district headquarters
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) A chain of government health centres and hospitals meant to give care free or at low cost
Public health services are a chain of health centres and hospitals run by the government, covering rural and urban areas and meant to give quality care free or at low cost so that even the poor can get treatment. Private services are run for profit.
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Q.349
A shirt passes from a cotton farmer, to a weaver, to an exporting garment factory in India, and finally to a large shop in the USA. In such a chain, who usually earns the largest profit?
- A The cotton farmer who grows the raw material
- B The weaver
- C The workers who stitch the shirt in the garment factory
- D The businessperson who sells the shirt in the USA
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Correct answer: (D) The businessperson who sells the shirt in the USA
The businessperson selling the shirt abroad earns the most, the exporter makes a smaller profit, and the farmer, weaver and garment workers earn very little. The example shows how markets can widen inequality between those who have money to invest and those who have only their labour.
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Q.350
On a field visit, students holding a map of the area cannot match it with what they see. The teacher shows them how to turn the map, using a compass, until north on the map points to north on the ground. This is called:
- A Orienting (setting) the map
- B Enlarging the map
- C Projecting the map
- D Generalising the map
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Correct answer: (A) Orienting (setting) the map
Orienting a map lines up its directions with the real directions on the ground, so that features on the map match the features in view. It is a basic practical skill in map reading.
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Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.