Pariksha SaathiPedagogy
CTET Child Development and Pedagogy (CDP) MCQ with Answers
298 practice questions on Child Development and Pedagogy for CTET Paper I and Paper II, with answers; most also have an explanation or a worked solution. Try each one before you open its answer.
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Q.101
A student's belief in her own capability to succeed at a particular task, which affects how much effort she puts in, is called
- A Self-efficacy
- B Self-actualisation
- C Locus of control
- D Self-esteem
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Self-efficacy
Bandura introduced self-efficacy, a belief in one's ability to succeed at a specific task. It grows mainly through experiences of success, seeing similar others succeed and encouragement; self-actualisation is Maslow's term.
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Q.102
The ability to manage the intensity and expression of one's feelings in ways that suit the situation, such as waiting for one's turn without an outburst, is called
- A Emotional catharsis
- B Sublimation
- C Emotional regulation
- D Repression of feelings
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Emotional regulation
Emotional regulation means monitoring and adjusting one's emotional reactions; it grows through childhood with adult support and practice. Repression is a defence mechanism that pushes painful memories out of awareness, which is not the same as managing feelings well.
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Q.103
A 3-year-old English-speaking child says, 'I goed to the market and saw two mouses.' These errors best indicate that the child
- A Is copying, word for word, incorrect speech heard from adults and older children at home and around her
- B Is actively working out grammar rules and over-applying them
- C Has a speech disorder and should be referred to a specialist for speech therapy
- D Is delayed in language development
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Is actively working out grammar rules and over-applying them
Adults rarely say 'goed' or 'mouses', so the child is not imitating; she has extracted rules such as 'add -ed for the past' and 'add -s for plurals' and applied them to irregular words. Such over-regularisation is a normal sign of active rule learning.
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Q.104
Water from a short wide glass is poured into a tall narrow glass and a child says there is now more water. The child has not yet acquired
- A Object permanence
- B Conservation
- C Symbolic function
- D Abstract reasoning
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Conservation
Conservation, understanding that quantity stays the same despite changes in appearance, is acquired in the concrete operational stage (7-11 years). The child is centring on height alone.
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Q.105
Tolman's rats, which learnt the layout of a maze without reward and showed it only when a reward was later introduced, demonstrated
- A Latent learning and cognitive maps
- B Shaping by successive approximation
- C Spontaneous recovery
- D Law of exercise
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Latent learning and cognitive maps
Latent learning occurs without reinforcement and is revealed later; Tolman argued the rats formed cognitive maps, a challenge to strict behaviourism.
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Q.106
Two 8-year-olds can each solve, on their own, problems at the level expected of 8-year-olds. With hints and leading questions, one solves problems up to the 12-year level and the other only up to the 9-year level. According to Vygotsky,
- A Their mental development is identical, as their independent performance on the same tests shows
- B The first child has a higher IQ, which is fixed
- C Results obtained with help have no value for teaching, since only independent work counts
- D Their actual development is the same, but their zones of proximal development differ
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Their actual development is the same, but their zones of proximal development differ
Vygotsky used a similar example to argue that independent performance shows only the actual level of development. What a child can do with assistance reveals the zone of proximal development, which better indicates readiness to learn.
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Q.107
Children who loved drawing were given a prize for every picture they drew. When the prizes stopped, they drew much less than before. This shows that
- A Prizes always increase learning in the long run
- B The children never had any real interest in drawing and drew only for the prizes
- C Drawing is not a suitable activity for children
- D Rewards for an already enjoyable activity can weaken intrinsic motivation
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Rewards for an already enjoyable activity can weaken intrinsic motivation
This is the overjustification effect: once children start doing a task for the reward, their own interest weakens, and they do it less once the reward is withdrawn. Rewards should be used sparingly for tasks children already enjoy.
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Q.108
During brainstorming for a class project, a student offers an unusual idea and some classmates laugh at it. To encourage creative thinking, the teacher should
- A Agree that the idea is silly so that the discussion can move on to more practical suggestions
- B Accept only ideas that are given in the textbook
- C Tell the student to think carefully before speaking next time
- D Remind the class that every idea is welcome at this stage; ideas will be judged later
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Remind the class that every idea is welcome at this stage; ideas will be judged later
Brainstorming works by separating the production of ideas from their evaluation, so that fear of ridicule does not block unusual ideas. Criticising early ideas teaches children to offer only safe, ordinary answers.
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Q.109
Match each task with its level in the revised Bloom's taxonomy: (A) Recall the names of the planets, (B) Explain in your own words why we have day and night, (C) Use a formula to find how many tiles will cover the classroom floor, (D) Design a new model of a water filter. 1. Apply, 2. Create, 3. Remember, 4. Understand.
- A A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
- B A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
- C A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
- D A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Recalling facts is Remember, explaining in one's own words is Understand, using a procedure in a new situation is Apply, and producing an original design is Create.
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Q.110
Which practice best shows a teacher working as a reflective practitioner?
- A Using the same lesson notes every year to save time
- B Blaming the students' backgrounds whenever a lesson goes badly, and keeping the same methods
- C Keeping a journal on what worked in each lesson and why, and changing methods accordingly
- D Following the textbook page by page without any change
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Keeping a journal on what worked in each lesson and why, and changing methods accordingly
A reflective practitioner regularly examines her own teaching, looks for evidence of its effects on learners and adapts it. Repeating old routines or blaming students avoids this self-examination.
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Q.111
During the mid-day meal, some children refuse to sit next to classmates from a particular caste. The teacher should
- A Arrange separate rows for now to avoid conflict, and raise it with parents later
- B Treat it as a private family matter that lies outside the school's concern
- C Have all children eat together and discuss equality and dignity
- D Ask the affected children to eat after the others
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Have all children eat together and discuss equality and dignity
Caste-based exclusion violates children's dignity and the constitutional value of equality, and school is where such prejudice must be addressed. Separate seating would only legitimise the discrimination.
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Q.112
Vygotsky regarded which of the following as the most important 'psychological tool' that shapes a child's thinking?
- A Language
- B Reflexes
- C Physical maturation
- D Rewards and punishments
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Language
For Vygotsky, cultural tools mediate thinking, and language is the most important of them: children first use it to communicate with others and later to direct their own thinking. This is why classroom talk matters for cognitive development.
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Q.113
During a football match in the games period, Class 7 students start arguing about whether a goal should count. The most useful approach for the teacher is to
- A Cancel the games period for the whole class for a week
- B Help the teams discuss and agree on fair rules, guiding them where needed
- C Decide the matter herself and punish anyone who argues, to restore order quickly
- D Allow only the best players to take part from now on
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Help the teams discuss and agree on fair rules, guiding them where needed
Negotiating and agreeing on rules in play builds cooperation, communication and a sense of fairness, and the teacher's guidance keeps the discussion respectful. Cancelling games or imposing punishment removes this learning opportunity.
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Q.114
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes which three components?
- A Linguistic, logical and spatial
- B Analytical, creative and practical
- C Fluid, crystallised and emotional
- D Verbal, performance and social
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Analytical, creative and practical
Sternberg described analytical (componential), creative (experiential) and practical (contextual) intelligence.
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Q.115
NEP 2020 gives high priority to Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) mainly because
- A Children below 6 cannot learn anything at all without formal classroom instruction
- B Formal reading and writing tests must begin regularly from the age of 3
- C A child's development is complete by the age of 6
- D Over 85% of cumulative brain development occurs before age 6
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Over 85% of cumulative brain development occurs before age 6
NEP 2020 notes that over 85% of a child's cumulative brain development occurs before age 6, so appropriate care and stimulation in the early years are critical. It recommends play- and activity-based learning for this stage, not formal testing.
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Q.116
To help Class 6 students complete their homework, Seema tries homework tasks linked to daily life for three weeks. Following the action research approach, what should she do next?
- A Assume it has worked because the students seem happier, and make it a permanent rule for all classes
- B Stop the study, since action research takes too much time
- C Ask next year's teacher to decide whether it worked
- D Collect evidence, such as completion records and student feedback, and reflect on whether it worked
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Correct answer: (D) Collect evidence, such as completion records and student feedback, and reflect on whether it worked
After acting, the action researcher gathers evidence and reflects on it to judge the effect and plan the next step. Relying on impressions alone, or abandoning the cycle midway, defeats the purpose of the inquiry.
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Q.117
In Vygotsky's theory, the 'More Knowledgeable Other' (MKO) who helps a child learn
- A Must always be a trained teacher, since only teachers know the curriculum
- B Must be an adult from the child's own family, such as a parent or grandparent
- C Can be anyone more skilled at the task, including a peer
- D Is the textbook prescribed by the board
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Can be anyone more skilled at the task, including a peer
The MKO is anyone with greater skill or understanding of the particular task, including a classmate. This is why peer tutoring and mixed-ability group work are Vygotskian strategies. Vygotsky himself wrote of adult guidance or collaboration with 'more capable peers'; MKO is a later label for this helper.
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Q.118
A teacher notices that the pictures in a textbook show women only cooking and caring for children, and men only as doctors and pilots. The most suitable response is to
- A Ignore the pictures, since they are not part of the syllabus or the examination
- B Explain to students that these roles reflect the natural abilities of women and men
- C Tear the pages out of the textbook
- D Discuss the pictures and add examples of people in varied roles
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Correct answer: (D) Discuss the pictures and add examples of people in varied roles
Such images teach children that certain roles belong to one gender. Discussing them critically and showing women and men in varied roles helps children see gender roles as social, not natural.
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Q.119
A test designed to identify the specific areas in which a student is having difficulty, so that remedial teaching can be planned, is a
- A Diagnostic test
- B Achievement test
- C Aptitude test
- D Intelligence (IQ) test
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Diagnostic test
Diagnostic tests locate specific weaknesses after a general difficulty has been found; remedial teaching then follows. Achievement tests measure overall attainment.
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Q.120
A teacher writes pairs such as 3 + 4 and 4 + 3, 2 + 6 and 6 + 2 on the board, lets children work them out and asks what they notice, before stating that the order of adding does not change the sum. This is the
- A Deductive method
- B Lecture method
- C Programmed instruction method
- D Inductive method
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Correct answer: (D) Inductive method
The inductive method moves from specific examples to a general rule that learners find for themselves, which suits young children. In the deductive method the rule is stated first and then applied to examples.
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Q.121
An infant gains control over its head and neck before it can control its legs. This illustrates which principle of development?
- A Proximodistal principle
- B Cephalocaudal principle
- C Principle of individual differences
- D Principle of integration
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Correct answer: (B) Cephalocaudal principle
Cephalocaudal development proceeds from head to toe. Proximodistal development proceeds from the centre of the body outwards to the extremities.
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Q.122
Consider the statements about attention: 1. Attention is selective: we focus on some stimuli and ignore others. 2. Young children can usually keep their attention on one task for as long as adults can. 3. A learner's interest is an internal factor that affects attention. Which are correct?
- A 1 and 2 only
- B 2 and 3 only
- C 1 and 3 only
- D 1, 2 and 3
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Correct answer: (C) 1 and 3 only
We attend to only a few of the many stimuli around us, and internal factors such as interest, needs and motivation strongly shape what we attend to. Young children's attention span is much shorter than an adult's, so statement 2 is wrong.
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Q.123
Which of the following statements about gender is correct?
- A Gender and sex are the same thing
- B Gender is a social construct whereas sex is biological
- C Gender roles are fixed by biology and cannot change over time
- D Gender differences in ability are large and innate, so they cannot be reduced
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Correct answer: (B) Gender is a social construct whereas sex is biological
Sex refers to biological differences; gender refers to socially constructed roles, behaviours and expectations that vary across cultures and time.
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Q.124
Match the thinker with the key term: (A) Kilpatrick, (B) Pestalozzi, (C) Bruner, (D) Vygotsky. 1. Spiral curriculum, 2. Project method, 3. Zone of Proximal Development, 4. Head, heart and hand.
- A A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
- B A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
- C A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
- D A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Kilpatrick gave the project method, Pestalozzi the education of head, heart and hand, Bruner the spiral curriculum, and Vygotsky the ZPD.
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Q.125
Which of the following is prohibited under the RTE Act 2009?
- A Continuous and comprehensive evaluation of each child's progress
- B Admission of an out-of-school child in an age-appropriate class
- C Physical punishment and mental harassment of children
- D Teaching in the child's mother tongue
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Physical punishment and mental harassment of children
Section 17 of RTE bans physical punishment and mental harassment; the other options are things the Act requires or encourages.
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Q.126
A student plans how to study, checks whether she has understood a chapter and changes strategy when she has not. This 'thinking about one's own thinking' is called
- A Heuristics
- B Operant conditioning
- C Transfer
- D Metacognition
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Correct answer: (D) Metacognition
Metacognition (Flavell) includes knowledge of one's own cognition and the regulation of it through planning, monitoring and evaluating.
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Q.127
While studying the water cycle, a student explains each step in her own words and relates evaporation to clothes drying on the line at home. This learning strategy is
- A Maintenance rehearsal
- B Elaboration
- C Chunking
- D Rote memorisation
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Elaboration
Elaboration adds meaning to new information by explaining it and connecting it with existing knowledge and examples, which leads to deeper processing and longer retention. Maintenance rehearsal is simple repetition and is weak for long-term learning.
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Q.128
According to Gardner, the ability to understand one's own feelings, strengths and motives is
- A Interpersonal intelligence
- B Existential intelligence
- C Intrapersonal intelligence
- D Linguistic intelligence
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Correct answer: (C) Intrapersonal intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence is self-knowledge; interpersonal intelligence is understanding other people. The two are commonly confused.
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Q.129
Arrange these steps of reflective thinking in problem solving, as described by John Dewey, in the correct order: (i) locating and defining the problem, (ii) testing the chosen solution by observation or experiment, (iii) suggesting possible solutions, (iv) sensing a difficulty.
- A (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
- B (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
- C (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
- D (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
Dewey's reflective thinking begins with a felt difficulty, which is then located and defined; possible solutions are suggested, their implications reasoned out, and the chosen one is tested by observation or experiment. Children can be guided through the same steps when they solve problems.
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Q.130
Asked to list uses of an old newspaper, Raju writes twelve uses, but all are kinds of reading. Anita writes six: reading, wrapping, making a paper boat, fanning, padding a parcel and cleaning glass. Compared with Raju, Anita shows greater
- A Fluency
- B Convergent thinking
- C Flexibility
- D Rote memory
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Flexibility
Fluency is the number of ideas, which is higher for Raju; flexibility is the variety of categories the ideas come from, which is higher for Anita. Both are measures of divergent thinking used in creativity tests.
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Q.131
A systematic collection of a student's work over time (drawings, writing samples, project reports) used to assess progress is called a
- A Rubric
- B Anecdotal record
- C Portfolio
- D Rating scale
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Correct answer: (C) Portfolio
A portfolio documents a child's growth over time and encourages self-reflection. A rubric is a scoring guide and an anecdotal record is a brief written observation.
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Q.132
Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve shows that
- A Forgetting is slow at first and becomes rapid as more time passes after learning
- B Forgetting proceeds at a constant rate
- C Nothing is ever forgotten if the material is meaningful and was learnt well once
- D Forgetting is most rapid soon after learning and then slows down
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Forgetting is most rapid soon after learning and then slows down
Ebbinghaus found that most forgetting occurs within the first hours after learning, which is why early revision and spaced review are recommended.
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Q.133
Which statement about cognition and emotions is correct?
- A Learning is purely cognitive; emotions play no part in it and should be kept out of the classroom
- B Emotions influence attention, memory and reasoning, so they are closely tied to learning
- C Only negative emotions affect learning
- D Emotions matter only for very young children
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Correct answer: (B) Emotions influence attention, memory and reasoning, so they are closely tied to learning
Interest and joy support attention and memory, while fear and stress interfere with thinking, so cognition and emotion work together. A teacher therefore attends to the emotional climate of the class as well as to content.
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Q.134
In a constructivist classroom, the teacher's main role is best described as
- A A transmitter of facts who makes sure children copy notes and reproduce them in tests
- B A judge whose main task is to rank children by marks
- C A controller who keeps children silent so that they listen carefully and do not waste time
- D A facilitator who creates situations in which children explore, question and build understanding
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) A facilitator who creates situations in which children explore, question and build understanding
Constructivism sees learners as building their own understanding, so the teacher plans experiences, asks questions and supports thinking rather than only delivering facts. NCF 2005 describes the teacher as a facilitator of learning.
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Q.135
A teacher wants to develop empathy, a key part of emotional intelligence, among her Class 5 students. Which activity is most suitable?
- A Having students memorise the definitions of ten emotions word for word and write them in a test
- B Giving a prize for the neatest notebook in the class
- C Holding a timed quiz on the spellings of emotion words and giving marks to the winners
- D Reading a story and discussing how each character might have felt and why
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Reading a story and discussing how each character might have felt and why
Empathy grows when children practise imagining and talking about other people's feelings and reasons, which a story discussion does directly. Memorising definitions or spellings of emotion words adds vocabulary but not the ability to understand others.
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Q.136
After repeated failure in mathematics, a child says, 'I can never learn maths, so why try?' and gives up even on easy problems. This condition is called
- A Learned helplessness
- B Insight
- C Maslow's self-actualisation
- D Sublimation
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Learned helplessness
Learned helplessness (Seligman) develops when a person comes to believe that effort makes no difference to the outcome. Teachers can counter it with tasks that ensure success and with feedback that links progress to effort.
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Q.137
A child who has recently moved from another state sits alone in Class 3 and does not talk to classmates. The most suitable step for the teacher is to
- A Leave her alone until she adjusts, since pushing her to mix may make her more anxious
- B Scold her in front of the class for not mixing
- C Involve her in small-group activities and pair her with a friendly classmate
- D Ask her parents to shift her to a school where children speak her home language
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Involve her in small-group activities and pair her with a friendly classmate
Peers are an important agent of socialisation; structured group work and a supportive buddy help a new child feel accepted. Ignoring or scolding her only increases her isolation.
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Q.138
A Class 8 teacher wants to promote moral development in the way Kohlberg's theory suggests. The most suitable approach is to
- A Make students memorise a list of moral rules
- B Reward students who obey every school rule, so that good habits become firmly fixed
- C Discuss real-life dilemmas and ask students to justify their reasoning
- D Punish every wrong behaviour strictly, consistently and in public so that it is never repeated
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Discuss real-life dilemmas and ask students to justify their reasoning
Kohlberg held that moral reasoning advances when students think through dilemmas and meet reasoning slightly above their own in discussion. Memorised rules, rewards and punishment do not challenge children's reasoning.
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Q.139
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors Piaget identified as influencing cognitive development?
- A Maturation
- B Reinforcement through rewards and punishments
- C Experience of acting on objects in the physical environment
- D Social transmission
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) Reinforcement through rewards and punishments
Piaget named four factors: maturation, experience with the physical world, social transmission and equilibration (self-regulation). Reinforcement by rewards and punishments is a behaviourist idea associated with Skinner.
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Q.140
A student writes 3/4 + 1/4 = 4/8. The most constructivist response of the teacher is to
- A Mark it wrong and move on
- B Make the student write the correct answer twenty times so that the right method is fixed
- C Use the error to understand the child's reasoning and design a task that challenges it
- D Announce the error to the class as a warning so that others do not repeat it
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Use the error to understand the child's reasoning and design a task that challenges it
Errors are windows into a child's thinking and natural steps in learning. The teacher should diagnose the underlying idea (adding numerators and denominators) and address it.
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Q.141
NEP 2020 recommends that a school student's progress card should be
- A Holistic and multidimensional, with self- and peer assessment
- B Based only on marks in written examinations, shown subject by subject
- C Focused on each child's rank in the class, to motivate healthy competition
- D Prepared only by external examiners
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Holistic and multidimensional, with self- and peer assessment
NEP 2020 proposes a holistic, 360-degree, multidimensional progress card covering the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, with self-assessment and peer assessment alongside teacher assessment. It is meant to show each learner's progress and uniqueness, not a rank.
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Q.142
Which of the following is generally true of the growth spurt at puberty?
- A It begins at exactly the same age in all children
- B It usually begins about two years earlier in boys than in girls
- C It does not begin until after the age of 18
- D It usually begins about two years earlier in girls than in boys
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) It usually begins about two years earlier in girls than in boys
On average girls enter puberty and the growth spurt about two years before boys, which is why many girls in the middle-school classes are taller than boys of the same age. The timing also varies widely between individuals of the same sex.
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Q.143
According to NCF 2005, which of the following is NOT a purpose of assessment?
- A Improving the teaching-learning process and materials
- B Giving learners feedback on their progress
- C Labelling children as 'slow' or 'bright' and sorting them
- D Reviewing how far the objectives of each stage have been achieved
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Labelling children as 'slow' or 'bright' and sorting them
NCF 2005 sees assessment as a way to improve teaching and learning and to give credible feedback, and warns against using it to label or categorise children. Labelling lowers expectations and self-esteem.
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Q.144
Which of the following is a typical feature of the emotions of young children?
- A They are intense but short-lived, and one emotion can quickly give way to another
- B They are rare and are usually hidden from adults
- C They last for days and change very slowly, even when the situation changes
- D They are as well controlled as those of adults
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) They are intense but short-lived, and one emotion can quickly give way to another
Young children's emotions are frequent, intense and openly shown, but they pass quickly, which is why a child may sob one minute and laugh the next. Control over the expression of emotions grows gradually with age and experience.
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Q.145
Studies of identical twins who were raised apart in different families are mainly used to understand
- A How children acquire conservation
- B The relative influence of heredity and environment on development
- C Whether moral reasoning develops through fixed stages
- D The effect of rewards on classroom learning
Show answer
Correct answer: (B) The relative influence of heredity and environment on development
Identical twins share the same genes, so differences between twins reared apart point to the environment and similarities point to heredity. Such studies show that both heredity and environment contribute to development.
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Q.146
Which feedback on a child's story best supports assessment for learning?
- A '6 out of 10'
- B 'Very good! You have written a nice, long story. Well done, keep it up!'
- C 'Poor work. Rewrite the whole story neatly in your notebook and show it to me.'
- D 'Exciting opening! Now add how the girl felt on finding the key.'
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) 'Exciting opening! Now add how the girl felt on finding the key.'
Assessment for learning relies on specific, descriptive feedback that says what is done well and what to do next. A mark or a one-word comment gives the child no direction for improvement.
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Q.147
A 6-year-old says that a boy who broke fifteen cups by accident while helping is naughtier than a boy who broke one cup while trying to steal sweets. According to Piaget, this child shows
- A Autonomous morality, judging acts by the intentions behind them, not consequences
- B Post-conventional reasoning based on universal ethical principles of justice
- C Formal operational thinking about justice
- D Heteronomous morality, judging acts by consequences, not intentions
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Heteronomous morality, judging acts by consequences, not intentions
Piaget found that young children in the stage of heteronomous morality (moral realism) judge wrongness by the amount of damage. Older children with autonomous morality consider intentions, so they judge the boy who was stealing as naughtier.
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Q.148
According to Freud, the part of personality that works on the 'reality principle' and mediates between instinctual demands and moral standards is the
- A Ego
- B Id
- C Superego
- D Libido
Show answer
Correct answer: (A) Ego
The id follows the pleasure principle, the superego represents internalised morality, and the ego, on the reality principle, balances the two.
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Q.149
A Class 1 teacher wants to follow NEP 2020's recommendation for teaching in the Foundational Stage. She should mainly use
- A Daily written tests to rank children by marks
- B Copying from the blackboard and memorising the answers given in the textbook
- C Long lectures followed by formal homework every day
- D Flexible, multi-level, play-based and activity-based learning
Show answer
Correct answer: (D) Flexible, multi-level, play-based and activity-based learning
NEP 2020 recommends flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based and inquiry-based learning for the Foundational Stage. Rote copying, ranking and lectures do not suit how children aged 3-8 learn.
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Q.150
According to Erikson, the main psychosocial crisis for children in primary school (about 6 to 12 years) is
- A Trust vs mistrust
- B Initiative vs guilt
- C Industry vs inferiority
- D Identity vs role confusion
Show answer
Correct answer: (C) Industry vs inferiority
Industry vs inferiority is the fourth stage; children develop competence through schoolwork and praise, or feel inferior if they repeatedly fail.
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How these questions were made
Authored by an AI assistant (Claude) from its own general knowledge of stable, well-established facts (no live lookup) - not reviewed by a subject-matter expert; verify against an official source before relying on any fact.